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Diagnostic Tests
Cassification-Purpose-Description-Normals-Nursing Actions (NCLEX)
| Test Name (Classification) | Purpose/ Description | Normals | Nursing Actions r/t test |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Blood Cells (RBC) | (Blood Lab Test) Determines actual number of cells in realtion to volume | Man (4.6-6.2)--- Woman (4.2-5.4) | |
| White Blood Cells (WBC) | (Blood Labs) Amount/ Maturity of wbc elements | 5,000-10,000 | |
| Hemoglobin | (Blood Labs) hmg /100ml blood | Man (13-18)--- Woman (12-15) | |
| Hematocrit | (Blood Labs) RBC/ fluid vol | Man (42-50%)--- Woman (40-48%) | |
| Bleed Time | (Blood Labs) Bleeding time | 1.9 min | |
| Partial Thromboplastin (PTT) | (Blood Labs) Detects coagulations disorders- Heparian effectivness | 20-45 sec | |
| Platelet/ Thrombocyte count | (Blood Labs) dx hemorrhagic dz | 100,000-400,000 | |
| Prothrombin time (PT) | (Blood Labs) Detects coagulation dz- Coumadin effectiveness | 9.5-12 sec | |
| Sedimentation Rate (ESR) | (Blood Labs) Indicative of inflammation rbc's settling in venous blood | Man (0-15)--- Woman (0-20) | |
| Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) | (Blood Labs) Ability of body to secrete insulin in response to hyperglycemia | Fasting (60-110)--- 1 hour (90)--- 2 hours (140)--- 3 hours (125) | |
| Total Cholesterol (Blood Labs) | Eval. tendency for atherosclerosis | Optimal (<200) --- Borderline (200-239) -- High (>239) | Overnight Fast |
| Low density Lipoproteins [LDL] (Blood Labs) | Eval whether Cholesterol levels caused by LDL or HDL | Optimal (<139) -- Borderline (140-160) --- High (>160) | Fast for 12-14* |
| Creatinine [CR] (Blood Labs) | Eval. Renal function | Adult (0.6-1.5) | NPO 8* Lust meds pt. is taking on lab slip |
| Alkaline Phosphatase (Blood Labs) | Eval. Liver and Bone function | Adult (13-39) | NPO 8-12* List meds pt. is taking on lab slip |
| Creatine Kinase [CK] (Blood Labs) | Dx acute MI/ Decteted in blood in 3-5* after | Man (55-170) --- Women (30-135) | (blank) |
| Serum Albumin (Blood Labs) | Eval Protein Malnutrition | 3.5-5.0 | (blank) |
| Oscillometry (Arterial Dx) | Abnorm= level of occlusion/ Alts in pulse vol. measured by placing a cuff around extremity at different levels attached to a monitor | (blank) | (blank) |
| Skin Temp Studies (Arterial Dx) | Coldness in room temp= poor circulation/ palpation comparison OR immerse one extremity in cold water and watch for change in opposite extremity [reflex vasodilation] | (blank) | (blank) |
| Angiography/ Arteriography (Arterial Dx) | abnormals = obstruction or narrowing/ Contrast Dye injected into arteries and x-rayed | (blank) | Check for allergies to dye/iodine, PC: Post procedure: thrombosis |
| Exercise tx for intermittment claudication (Arterial Dx) | Claudication= inablitiy of damaged arteries to incr. blood flow ie oxygen to cells/ Pt exercise till pain occurs, duration measured | (blank) | (blank) |
| Lumbar Sympathetic block (Arterial Dx) | Decres. limb pain and incres. temp. = sympathectomy out help improve circulation in extremities | (blank) | (blank) |
| Phelbography (Venous Dx) | Lack of filling= occulation d/t thrombus/ Thrombi id'd as radiolucent areas in opaque filled veins | (blank) | Check for allergies to dyes/ iodine preps |
| Venous Pressure Measurements (Venous Dx) | Eval thrombophlebitis before collateral veins develop/ Venous pressure in one leg causes other leg to have a higher pressure | (blank) | (blank) |
| Isotope Studies (Venous Dx) | Dx: early formation of thrombi/ Fibrinogen labeled with radioactive iodine clots counted | (blank) | Check for allergies to dyes/ iodine preps |
| Doppler Studies/ Ultrasonic Flow Detection (Venous Dx) | Id's obstruction in blood flow in extremities/ Electronic stethoscope that detects sound of blood flow | (blank) | (blank) |
| Culdoscopy (Reproductive) | See ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus via lighted tube/ Inserted through vagina and through cul-de-sac, local anesthetic or light sedation | (blank) | PRE: position knee-chest, POST: position: prone, watch for bleeding, NO douching or intercourse for 2 weeks |
| Colposcopy (Reproductive) | Like pelvic exam/ Takes 20 minutes, Position: Lithotomy, cervix washed with dilute acetic acid, performed between menstral cycles | (blank) | (blank) |
| Laparoscopy (Reproductive) | View pelvic cavity/ Through incision beneath belly button to view structures, General Anaesthesia, CO2 used to enhance visualization | (blank) | Pre: Foley to decompress bladder POST: out of bed asap |
| Cultures and smears (Reproductive) | Sample tissue taken to id process or abnormalities | (blank) | Chlamydia smear need media prep for lab |
| Cervical biopsy (Reproductive) | Sample tissue taken to id abnormalities | Cramping sensation | Restrictions on intercourse, swimming, douching for 3 days |
| Urinalysis (Urinary System) | Id kidney abnormalities/ save 1st am specimen | overnight is more concentrated pH 4.5-8, Specific gravity 1.010-1.030 | (blank) |
| Urine C&S (Urinary System) | Id bacteria in urine/ Cleanse external meatus with povidone-iodine or soap and water before, midstream specimen | Less than 100,000 colonies/ml | (blank) |
| Cystometrogram (Urinary System) | Test muscle tone/ | Feeling of Pressure in bladder during test | Prep for Foley |
| Creatintine clearance (Urinary System) | Eval renal function/ 24* urine collection, Blood draw after 24* collection | 1.67-2.5 ml/s | (blank) |
| Cystoscopy (Urinary System) | Viewed by cystoscope inserted into bladder/ | Discomfort, POST: urine usually pink tinged | PRE: Bowel Prep, Force Fluids, Deep Breathe (Pain), NPO if sedated POST: Monitor volume/characteristics of urine, Check for ab distention, fever, urinary frequency, Pain = trauma, Admin: antimicrobial prophylaxis |
| Cystouretheogram (Urinary System) | Xray of bladder and urethra/ Catheter inserted into urethra , dye injected, patient voids, xrays taken during voiding | (blank) | (blank) |
| IVP [Intravenous Pyelogram] (Urinary System) | Xray of bladder, kidneys, ureters/ Xrays taken at intervals after dye injection | Burning, salty taste during injection | PRE: Bowel Prep, NPO midnight before, Check allergies to shellfish, iodine, eggs, chocolate, milk POST: more x-rays, check LOC (no edema, itch, wheezing, dyspnea) |
| Renal Scan (Urinary System) | Eval of kidneys/ radioactive isotope injected IV,radioactivity measured with counter | (blank) | PRE: Force Fluids |
| Ultrasound (Urinary System) | Images of renal system obtained through sound waves/ NONinvasive | (blank) | (blank) |
| Renal Biopsy (Urinary System) | Kidney tissue obtained/ Needle aspiration for Eval, Xray taken first, skin marked to indicate lower pole of kidney (fewer blood vessels) Position: Prone bent at diaphragm, Hold breathe during need insertion | (blank) | POST: apply pressure to site 20 min, pressure dressing, Position: flat in bed, bedrest 24*, PC: hematuria, hemorrhage |
| Schilling test (Urinary System) | Dx Vitamin b12 deficiency (pernicious anemia)/ Radioactive vitB12 admin | Normal= >10% of dose excreted in 24* Lower value= pernicious anemia | POST: vitamin b (cyancoblamin) IM for life |
| Gastric Aspirate (GI) | Aspiration of gastric contents to eval for abnormals/ NG tube into stomach, aspirate sent to lab will do Guaiac there also | 4.5-7.5 pH blood absent | PRE: NPO, Histamine sometimes admin stimulate HCl acid POST: Fluids |
| Upper GI series-Barium Swallow (GI) | Determine patency and size of esophagus, and condition of gastric walls, patency of pyloric valve and rate of passage to small bowel /Admin Barium sulfate | Light colored stool after | PRE: NPO after midnight POST: Cleansing enema/ prevents impaction, Xrays repeated until all solution is expelled |
| Paracentesis (GI) | Dx exam of ascetic fluid and treatment of massive ascites resistant to other therapies/Needle aspiration of fluid in ab cavity, Done at bedside, Position: Semifowlers or sitting edge of bed | (blank) | PRE: EMPTY Bladder (Prevent accidental perforation) POST: VS, Shock, MD= Elevated temp or ab pain |
Created by:
jamilah