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HumanAP MidTerm Exam

Human A and P MidTerm Exam

QuestionAnswer
What characteristics of life are shared by all organisms? circulation, growth, digestion, reproduction, excretion, movement, stimulation,
What basic requirements do all organisms share? water, food, oxygen, heat and pressure
What is an example of a positive feedback mechanism? milk production in mammary glands
What is the most complex level of organization? organ system
Skin or bone is an example of what level of organization? organ
The ______________ of the body includes the spinal cord. vertebral cavity
The ______________ of the body includes the stomach, kidneys, and spleen. abdominal cavity
The _____________of the body includes the urinary bladder and reproductive organs. pelvic cavity
The ____________ system houses the body's disease-fighting cells. lymphatic
The ______________ system includes all the glands that secrete hormones. endocrine
The ______________ system is responsible for protection and regulation of temperature. integumentary
The thoracic cavity is _______________ to the abdominal cavity. superior
The nose is _____________ to the eyes. medial
The ears are __________ to the eyes. lateral
Anatomy is a term which means the study of _____. morphology
A study dealing with the function of an organ would be an example of _____. physiology
What is the smallest level of organization considered to be living? cell
What are the levels of organization from simplest to most complex? cell, tissue, organ, organ systen, organism
What term means the same as ventral in humans? anterior
A tumor on the side of the abdomen is on the _____ surface of the body. lateral
The chin can be described as being on the _____ surface of the skull. superior
Which term means the same as cheek? buccal
What does the term brachial mean? arm
What is the term that means the eye? orbital
What are tissues? similar, specialized cells
How are tissues classified? according to cellular appearance and function
What are the functions of skin? provides a protective convering, regulate body temperature, retards water loss, houses sensory systems, synthesizes chemicals, and excretes wastes
Where are the cells of the epidermis that reproduce? stratum basale
What is the pigment that helps protect the deepest layers of the epidermis and the dermis? melanin
What are accessory organs of the skin? sweat glands, sebaceous glands, finger and toe nails, and hair
What are the glands that are associated with hair follicles callled? sebaceous glands
What are the functions of bone? storage of inorganic salts, provide shape, support and protection, produce red blood cells, and provide points of attachment for muscles
Where is yellow marrow located on a long bone? medullary cavity
What are the finger and toe bones called? phalanges
What is the muscle that compresses the cheeks inward when it contracts? buccinators
What is the muscle that abducts the upper arm and can both flex and extend the humerus? triceps brachii
What muscle produces plantar flexion? gastrocnemius
What system are the nerves that extend from the nervous system part of? peripheral nervous system
What part of the nervous system makes conscious decisions possible? motor function
What are the organs of the central nervous system? brain and spinal cord
What is the function of the cell body? to process information from the dendrites
What is the function of the cerebrum? provides higher mental functions
What are the special senses? smell, taste, hearing, equilibrium, and sight
What is the function of a chemoreceptor? Stimulated by changes in the chemical concentration of substances
What is the function of mechanoreceptors? Respond to changes in pressure or movement
What is a sensation? A feeling that occurs when the brain interprets sensory impulses
What is referred pain? When visceral pain may feel as if it is coming from some part of the body other than the part being stimulated.
What is acute pain? sharp
What is chronic pain? dull
What are the primary taste sensations? sweet, salty, bitter, sour
What is the role of neurotransmitters? Transmission impulses across a synapse
What is the function of withdraw reflexes? limit potential damage
What carries impulses away from the cell body? axon
How many dendrites and axons does a neuron have? one axon, many dendrites
What are phagocytic neurological cells that detect unhealthy neurons? microglial cells
What transmits impulses into brain or spinal cord from receptors. sensory neuron
What can carry the informative signals across the synapse from the axon to the next dendrites? neurotransmitters
What is the rapid sequence of depolarization and repolarization in the axon of a neuron? action potential
What is the junction between two neurons or between a neuron and an effector? synapse
When does an action potential occur? when there is a depolarization
What are the parts of the peripheral nervous system? spinal and cranial nerves
What lobe of the brain is responsible for sight? occipital
What lobe of the brain is associated with planning, reasoning, movement and speech? frontal
What are the functions of the temporal lobe? hearing, speech and memory
What area of the brain is responsible for maintaining posture, balance, and coordination? cerebellum
What are the three parts of the brain stem? pons, midbrain, medulla oblongata
How do the two hemispheres of the brain communicate with one another? corpus callosum
What is the movement of sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane depend on? changes in the electric charge
What are the three structural classifications of neurons? multipolar, bipolar, unipolar
What is the left hemisphere responsible for? science and math skills
Where are the receptors for somatic senses located? skin
What are Meissner's corpuscles and Pacinian corpuscles sensitive to? touch and pressure
Which areas of the brain regulates the detection of pain impulses? thalamus
What are the receptors for taste and smell? chemoreceptors
What suppresses acute and chronic pain impulses which relieve severe pain? enkephalins
What is the most sensitive part of a taste bud? taste hairs
What is the function of saliva? dissolving the chemicals that cause taste
What foods can stimulate pain receptors? chili peppers and ginger
How many taste buds does each receptor have? 50-150
How does the number of taste buds in humans compare to those in cats and dogs? humans have many more
What are the two types of equilibrium? static and dynamic
What is the macula? structure that detects motion of the head
What other sense is equilibrium most closely related to? hearing
What is the vestibule? bony chamber between the semicircular canals and the cochlea
What organ can help you even when your balance is off? eyes
What is the function of cones? color vision with sharp images
What is the function of rods? black, white vision
What is rhodopsin? the light sensitive biochemical in rods
What is the gland that secretes tears and carries tears to nasal cavity? lacrimal apparatus
What is it called when your retina focuses and bends the light waves? refraction
What is the conjunctiva? covers the surface of the eyelids and folds back to cover anterior surface of eyeball
What muscle raises the eyelid? orbicularis oculi
Where are hearing receptors located? organ of corti
What organ of the ear can cause a popping sound when on an airplane? eustachian tube
What are the three parts of the outer ear? auricle, eardrum, external acoustic meatus
What are the three parts of the middle ear? malleus, stapes, and incus
What is the first step in the generation of sensory impulses from the ear? sounds waves enter external acoustic meatus
Where are olfactory receptors located? within the cilia of a neuron’s dendrites
What other sense is smell closely related to? taste
What kind of receptors are associated with the olfactory sense? chemoreceptors
What are the chemicals that stimulate olfactory receptors? odorant molecules
What is it called when you have partial or complete loss of smell? anosmia
Created by: aandersonbiology
 

 



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