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Nerves of Cranium
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name | exit from CNS | foramen | functional categories | innervation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Olfactory | Olfactory epithelium | Cribiform plate | Special Sensory | Olfactory epithelium |
Optic | Retina | Optic canal | Special Sensory | Retinal ganglion cells |
Oculomotor | Midbrain | Superior Orbital Fissure | GVE, GSE | EOM, Levator palpebrae superioris, ciliary ganglion |
Trochlear | Dorsal midbrain | Superior Orbital Fissure | GSE | Superior oblique muscle |
Trigeminal | Pons | V1: Superior Orbital Fissure, V2: Formanen rotundum, V3: Foramen ovale | SVE, GSA | Anterior 2/3 head, mesencephalic nucleus, chief sensory nucleus, spinal nucleus, trigeminal motor nucleus |
Abducens | Pons | Superior Orbital Fissure | GSE | Lateral rectus muscle |
Facial | Pons | Internal auditory canal | GVE, SVE, GSA, SVA | Muscles of facial expression |
Vestibulocochlear | Junction of pons and medulla | Internal auditory canal | SSA | Hair cells or membranous labyrinth |
Glossopharyngeal | Medulla | Jugular foramen | GVE, SVE, GSA, GVA, SVA | Pharynx |
Vagus | Medulla | Jugular foramen | GVE, SVE, GSA, GVA, SVA | Thorax, abdomen, larynx, pharynx |
Spinal accessory | Medulla and spinal nucleus | Jugular foramen | SVE | SCM, trapezius |
Hypoglossal | Medulla | Hypoglossal canal | GSE | Muscles of tongue |