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Sinuses-
Sinuses merrills
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Name the Sinuses. | Frontal, Sphenoidal, Ethmoidal, Maxillary, |
When do the Maxillary sinuses normally develop? | At birth |
Usually by the age of 6-7 yrs, the ______ and ______ sinuses are distinguishable from the Ethmoidal. | Frontal, Sphenoidal |
When are all the sinuses completely developed? | By 17 or 18 |
What is the largest of all sinuses? | Maxillary |
What are the second largest of all the sinuses? | Frontal |
These sinuses are divided into 3 main groups. Name the sinuses and the groups. | Ethmoidal, Anterior, Middle, Posterior |
What sinuses set just below the Sella Turcica? | Sphenoidal |
All sinuses must be done in an _______ position. WHY? | Upright, demonstrate the presence or absence of fluid, and differentiate between fluid and pathology |
What bone contains the ethmoidal sinuses? | Ethmoid |
The most effective way to protect the patient from radiation while having sinus x-rays is ???? | Collimation!!! |
On a lateral projection of the sinuses, what line is perpendicular to the IR? | IP |
What line must be horizontal on the lateral sinuses? | IOML |
Where is the CR directed for a lateral sinus projection? | Horizontally entering 1/2 to 1 in posterior to the outer canthus |
What should bee seen on the Lateral Sinus projection? | All 4 sinus groups, superimposed orbital roofs and mandibular rami, no rotation of sella turcica |
When do you use a 72 in distance for a lateral sinus projection? | When the patient is having preoperative measurements |
On a PA Axial(Caldwell) projection of the sinuses(Vertical Grid), the ______ will form an angle of _____ degrees with the central ray. | OML, 15 |
Where is the CR directed for a Caldwell projection of the sinuses? | Horizontally to exit the Acanthion |
What should be in the lower 1/3 of the orbits on a PA Caldwell sinus projection? | Petrous ridge |
When a vertical angled grid is available for a PA Axial projection, how many degrees should it be angled? | 15 |
What projection of the sinuses are the Frontal and Ethmoidal sinuses best seen? | PA Axial(Caldwell) |
When doing a Waters view of the sinuses, what line is perpendicular to the IR? | MML |
The ______ forms a _____degree angle with the IR when doing a Waters view of the sinuses? | OML, 37 |
What must be projected inferior to the maxillary sinuses when doing a Waters view of the sinuses? | The Petrous Pyramids |
Where is the CR directed for a Waters view of the sinuses? | Acanthion |
What is the purpose for doing an open mouth Waters view of the sinuses? | To visualize the sphenoidal sinuses |
What projection is used to best visualize the Maxillary sinuses? | Waters |
Where does the CR exit on an open mouth Waters view of the sinuses? | Acanthion |
On an SMV projection of the sinuses, what is best visualized? | Sphenoid and ethmoidal air cells |
Where is the CR directed for an SMV projection of the sinuses? | Horizontally and perpendicular to the IOML. Enters approximately 3/4 in anterior to the level of the EAM |
On what projections are the Maxillary sinuses visualized? | Lateral, Waters |
On what projections are the Ethmoidal sinuses visualized? | Lateral, Caldwell, SMV |
On what projections are the Sphenoidal sinuses visualized? | Lateral, Open mouth Waters, SMV |
On what projections are the Frontal sinuses visualized? | Lateral, Caldwell |
What are some of the functions of the sinuses'? | Resonating chamber for voice, Make skull lighter, Help warm and moisten air, Shock absorber for trauma, and immune system control |
The foramen ________ is best demonstrated on what view of the sinuses? | Rotundum, Waters view |
If improper positioning is done on a Waters view, the _________ __________ are superimposed on the maxillary sinuses. | Petrous ridges |
On an open mouth Waters view, the _____ will not be perpendicular to the IR. | MML |