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Abnormal PSY Ch. 2

QuestionAnswer
Six main time frames: I. Prehistoric/Stone Age II. Golden Age of Greece III. Middle Ages (1066-1485) IV: Renaissance (14th-17th centuries) V: Humanitarian Reform (1700s- 1900s) VI: 20th Century and Beyond (1900s- now)
Four main themes/views across time: - Organic/Biological View - Supernatural View - Psychological View - Sociocultural View
Prehistoric/Stone Age - Barbaric treatment - Supernatural Viewpoint -Trephining
Trephining The process of putting holes in skull to cure the abnormal behavior.
The Golden Age of Greece - Organic/Biological View - Supernatural View - Hippocrates - Galen - Plato
Hippocrates - “Father of Medicine” - Organic View - Four Humors and treatments - HYSTERIA!
Four Humors: 1. Yellow bile - Agitated & irritable 2. Blood - Cheerful, optimistic, flexible 3. Phlegm - Sluggish, dull, apathetic 4. Black bile - Deep depression, pessimist, melancholy
Hysteria! - Only in women - Caused by a “wandering uterus” (wants kids) - Treatment = marriage so you can reproduce - Emotional pain shows up as physical pain (no bio cause)
Galen - Roman physician - 4 Humors 'with a twist' - Believed shock, alcohol, adolescence, problems with economy, disappointment in love, menstrual problems/changes caused abnormal behavior.
Four Humors With A Twist: Chloretic (yellow bile) --> Sanguina (blood) --> Phlegmatic (phlegm) --> Melancholy (black bile)
Galen's Contributions: - Scientific research (animal autopsies) - Drugs to help mentally ill persons - Attempted to identify causes of abnormal behavior
Plato - Greek philosopher - Supernatural viewpoint (ab behav caused by God) - First forensic psychologist (b.c he studied criminals and thought if they had mental disorders they shouldn't be held accountable)
Plato's Contributions: - Individual differences (people have same behavior but for different reasons) - Accepted sociocultural influences (how society contributes to mental illness) - Treatments (constant activities like walking and gym, make comfortable, mechanical restraint
Middle Ages - 1st Mental Hospital in Baghdad (humane treatment) - Avicenna from Arabia - Europe - Supernatural Views
Avicenna from Arabia - Prince of physicians - Islamic physician - Wrote "The Canon of Medicine"
Europe - Supernatural is King! - Mass madness! - Tarantism (Saint Vitus’ Dance by spiderbite) - Lycanthropy
Lycanthropy People become possessed by wolves. Makes them aggressive.
Renaissance - Movement towards humanism - Psychological and Supernatural views - Paracelsus - Franz Mesmer - Johann Weyer - Asylums
Humanism Looking at people and how they treat others. Focus on humans vs. supernatural.
Paracelsus - Swiss physician - Challenged supernatural view - Instincts vs. spiritual nature caused ab. behavior - Needs or thoughts being repressed would could out as ab. behavior - Treatments: bodily magnetism (hypnosis) - "Moon influences brain"
Franz Mesmer - Influenced by Paracelsus - Austrian physician - Animal Magnetism - Mesmerism (hypnotism) - Scientific controversy
Scientific Controversy People moved towards psychoanalysis (Freud)
Johann Weyer - German physician and writer - Witchcraft: “On the Deceits of Demons” - Supernatural causes for behaviors…but influenced by organic/biological, psychological, and sociocultural - Predisposition leads to ab. behavior - “Founder of Modern Psychopathol
Asylums - House the mentally ill (poor conditions, no treatment) - Began in Spain and England - Purpose: removal from society - St. Mary of Bethleham in London (BEDLAM) made freak shows out of the patients
Humanitarian Reform - 1st US psychiatric hospital (public hospital in Williamsburg, VA, 1773) - Humanitarian Reformers - Moral Management - Mental Hygiene Movement - Deinstitutionalization
Edward Tyson (humanitarian reformer) - English Physician - Treated patients at Bedlam (new clothes, treatment) - Introduced follow up plans (aftercare) for when patients leave
Phillippe Pinel (humanitarian reformer) - French physician - La Bicetre in Paris *asylum* (let patients out of chains) - Focused on treating people with respect
William Tuke (humanitarian reformer) - English tea and coffee merchant - The York Retreat (he built his own funds) - Moral Management (treat people with kindness and they'll get better)
Moral Management (definition) Rehabilitating people's social, individual, and occupational needs.
Benjamin Rush - U.S Reformer & educator - Founder of American Psychiatry (organized study program) - Pennsylvania hospital - Tranquilizing chair (lessened blood flow in head and relax rest of body)
Dorothea Dix - New Englander - Focused on physical conditions - Taught at female prison & witnessed inhumane treatment. - Mental Hygiene Movement (1841) - Lobbied for $ and built mental hospital - Backfired & became a place of bad treatment, uneducated workers.
Clifford Beers - New Englander - "A Mind That Found Itself" (believes in better conditions) 1st consumer advocate (he's a person with mental illness that advocates for others with mental illnesses.
Deinstitutionalization - Last half of 20th century - Discovery of psychotropic medications *meds after leaving asylum* (alter brain functions) - Outpatient services - Avoid people depending on hospital
How we got from here to there *4 Major influences: SYPHILIS KRAEPLIN and CLASSIFICATION FREUD WUNDT’s LAB
Created by: campbellalm
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