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Dermatology
Question | Answer |
---|---|
lichenification | Thickening of the epidermis with accentuation of skin markings |
erosion | Slightly depressed area of skin with loss of epidermis (vs ulcer) |
ulcer | Necrosis of the dermis AND epidermis, occasionally subcutaneous tissue |
Langerhans Cell | LCs are dendritic cells derived from bone marrow myeloid lineage. They mediate immune processes; they are involved in Antigen presentation and phagocytosis |
Merkel Cells | Merkel cells are derived from epithelial stem cells not neural progenitors. It serves as a putative mechanoreceptor cells and is found in the epidermis |
Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa | Blister formation within the lamina lucida of the BMZ. 40 % lethality rate in some forms |
Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa | SUB-EPIDERMAL blister formation! Generalized blistering and extensive scar formation. Severe forms can cause webbing of limbs. |
Congenital Melanocytic Nevus | Giant hairy nevus-->Subdivided by small (<1.5cm) , medium (1.5-20cm), and large (>20cm) Clinical: Heavily pigmented, papillomatous surface, hair. Histo: may find clusters of melanocytes |
Congenital Melanocytic Nevus (risk) | Increased risk for melanomas. Risk increase with size of congenital nevus |
Acquired Melanocytic Nevus | Tan macules and can become darker papules. Size >1 cm suggests a congenital melanocytic nevus Prognosis: > 50 nevi have a 5 fold increase mealnoma risk |
Dysplastic Nevi Criteria | Always consider the ABCDE. A-Asymmetry B-Border: irregular border, leakage of pigment C-Color: mulitcolored, use dermoscopy D-Diameter: >6mm, pencil head eraser E-Evolution: evolving, changing |
Dysplastic Nevi Criteria | Melanocytic nevi with irregular border, larger in size, shape and color |
Lentigines | Harmless (benign) hyperplasia of melanocytes which is linear in its spread. lentigo complex is not caused by sun exposure, unlike ephiledes (freckles) |
Ephiledes | Freckles. Lentigines that is more irregular in nature that in lentigo simplex |
Solar lentigo | Increased basal layer pigment, no increase in melanocytes, No NESTS. Usually seen with old age. They are also caused by sun exposure but unlike Ephiledes don't involve a proliferation of melanocytes |
Actinic Keratosis | sharply bordered irregular erythematous patches and papules with adherent scale, caused by exposure to UVB |
Seborrheic Keratosis | Smooth, flat waxy plaques;elevated or dome shaped. They vary from tan to dark brown, even black |
Lipoma | Most common benign soft tissue tumor. Accumulation of mature fat cells Clinical-Soft, lobulated, freely mobile round or oval subcutaneous mass |
Sebaceous Hyperplasia | Clinical-rosette of yellow tiny papules just beneath the skin surface, central dell. Can look like BCC but no treatment is needed |
Epidermal Inclusion Cyst (milia when ?) | Cyst whose wall consists of epidermis and contents are keratin. It is slow growing, skin colored, firm cystic structures with a visible central punctum or pore Called milia when they occur on the face. |
Dimple Sign | Compress the lesion from the sides and the lesion becomes depressed in the center then it is DERMATOFIBROMA |
Pyogenic Granuloma | Like a cherry angioma, but this finding typically follows trauma and this is eruptive (hemangioma) |
Koplik Spots | Pathognomonic for measles. Tiny white lesions surrounded by and erythematous halo, |
Dennie Morgan folds | Folds seen by the lower palpebra that are related to Atopic dermatitis |
Pityriasis alba | can occur in kids with atopic dermatitis. It is hypopigmentation of the skin |
Psoralens | Absorb a lot of UVB radiation hence applied to psoriatic lesions to enhance phototherapy. It is a component of some plants that can cause a photosensitivity reaction b/c the property that makes it useful in treatment of psoriasis |
nitisonine (orfadin) | used to treat alkaptonuria along with high dose vit C ; functions by inhibiting enzyme that is responsible for producing homogentistic acid |
Herpetic Whitlow | Herpes on the fingers which is commonly seen in health care providers. |
Ezcema Herpeticum | A disseminated eruption of HSV which often has an underlying cause (eg atopic dermatitis) and can require hospitalization |
condyloma accuminata | Is a wart that is caused by HPV 6, 11, 16, or 18. Infection with his leads to constant asymptomatic shedding and poses a long-term risk for SCC |