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Basic Nutrition

QuestionAnswer
Bread, cereal, rice, and pasta group 6 oz
Vegetable group 2 ½ cups
Fruit group
5 ½ oz
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) Set of nutrient-based values that can be used for both assessing and planning diets. They form the basis for daily values.
six classes of essential nutrients carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water.
Carbohydrates and proteins 4 kcal/g
Fat
Simple carbohydrates Simple sugars: monosaccharides and disaccharides. Found naturally in many nutritious foods such as milk and fruit.
Complex carbohydrates Polysaccharides. Starch, glycogen, and dietary fiber
1). All carbohydrates except fiber are broken down in the digestive tract into
If energy needs are met, carbohydrates will be stored as glycogen
Trans-Fatty Acids 1). These are unsaturated fatty acids that vary slightly in their chemical configuration from naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acids. 2). They are produced during hydrogenation.
Cholesterol is synthesized in the c. Dietary cholesterol is
Cholesterol is highest in what kind of foods?
Intake of dietary cholesterol should average no more than 300 mg daily
Fats must be emulsified by ____ to be digested bile
high-density (HDL) (GOOD FAT)
low-density (LDL) (BAD FAT)
Protein is made of smaller units called amino acids
There are _______ amino acids. 22
essential amino acids 9
Lactovegetarin diet includes fruits, vegetables, grains, and milk and dairy products.
Lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet also includes eggs
Kwashiorkor: malnutrition caused by severe protein deficiency; may occur in the presence of adequate kilocalories
Marasmus:
Fat soluble A, D, E, and K Usually carried in the fatty portion of food Can be stored by the body
Water soluble B vitamins and C
Antioxidant vitamins Vitamins E and C; previtamin form of A (beta-carotene)
Calcium 1000 to 1200 mg per day
Sodium Less than 2400 mg per day
Potassium 2000 mg per day
Iron 8-15 mg per day; 30 mg per day for pregnant women
Most infants are not developmentally or physiologically ready to handle solid foods before 6 months of age.
At 4 to 6 months of age, single-ingredient foods should be chosen and introduced one at a time at weekly intervals.
Adolecence dietary inadequacies Common dietary inadequacies include iron and calcium.
Soft diet is generally low in
Low-residue diet is similar to the soft diet but also includes restrictions on milk, because it leaves more residue in the colon.
Additional risk to health issues if waist is 35+ women/ 40+ men
BMI Overweight= 25+
BMI Obesity=
Dumping Syndrome It may occur after surgery in which a portion or all of the stomach is removed, stomach contents may empty too rapidly into the jejunum; the body reacts by sending water to the intestinal tract, thus reducing blood pressure.
Dumping Syndrome diet therapy involves... giving small frequent meals that are higher in protein and fat and lower in carbohydrates.
Lactose Intolerance occurs as a result of a lack of the digestive enzyme lactase
Fat-Controlled Diets To prevent and treat atherosclerosis, heart disease, and hyperlipidemia
Low-Fat Diets All fats limited, regardless of saturation
Protein-Restricted Diet a. In the presence of defects in protein metabolism or excretion, protein intake reduced or controlled; chronic renal failure and cirrhosis of the liver
Sodium-Restricted Diet a. May be used to treat hypertension, water retention, edema, and congestive heart failure. 500 mg sodium per day.
Potassium-Modified Diets b. Intake may be restricted with end-stage renal disease and other kidney disease; blood levels could increase to the point of causing arrhythmias and sudden cardiac arrest.
Fluid-Modified Diets a. Fluid is restricted to 500 to 750 ml per day plus an amount equal to daily urine output during end-stage renal disease.
hyperalimentation Parenteral nutrition
Created by: eeekberry
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