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G.I.

Med Term-Gastroenterology

QuestionAnswer
The combining form gastr/o means stomach
The combining form enter/o means intestine
The word "gastrointestinal" means pertaining to the stomach
The word "oral" means pertaining to the mouth
The word "lingual" means pertaining to the tongue
The word "gustation" means The sense of taste
The combining form "stomat/o" means mouth
The word "deglutition" means The process of swallowing food
The mucous membrane that lines the gastrointestinal tract and produces mucus is called: mucosa
The hard bone and posterior soft tissues that form the roof of the mouth are called palate
The combining form "mastic/o" means chewing
The fleshy hanging part of the soft palate is called the uvula
Another word for throat is pharynx
The partially digested food, saliva, and digestive enzymes in the stomach and small intestine are called chyme
The flexible, muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx (throat) to the stomach is called the esophagus
The combining form "rect/o" means rectum
The combining form "or/o" means mouth
the combining form "proct/o" means rectum and anus
The combining form "choledoch/o" means bile duct
The combining form "lip/o" means fat
The combining form "hepat/o" means liver
The combining form "ot/o" means ear
The gastrointestinal tract begins with the mouth
The digestive system is also known as the alimentary canal
The word sublingual means "under the..." tongue
The large, elongated sac in the upper abdominal cavity is called the stomach
The thick deep folds in the stomach that expand as the stomach is filled with food are called rugae
The first part of the stomach is called the duodenum
The second part of the stomach is called the jejunum
The third part of the stomach is called the ileum
The small, tear-drop shaped, dark green sac posterior to the liver is called the gallbladder
The yellow, somewhat lumpy gland, shaped like an elongated triangle that lies posterior to the stomach is called the pancreas
Intestinal gas is also known as flatus
Wave-like contractions in the stomach that help to propel the food bolus through the GI tract are called peristalsis
The bitter fluid that is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder is called bile
The double-layer serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and surrounds each GI organ is called peritoneum
Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the GI tract are called enzymes
The digestive enzyme in the stomach that breaks down protein foods into large protein molecules is called pepsin
The combining form for the enzyme that digests milk is lact/o
The word meaning "below the mandible" is submandibular
The combining form that means gallbladder is cholecyst/o
The combining form that means movement is kin/o
The suffix that means "study of" is -logy
The word that means "diffucult or painful eating or swallowing" is dysphagia
The word that means "decreased appetite because of disease" is anorexia
The word that means "excessive overeating" due to a disease is called polyphagia
A stone is a salivary gland is called sialolithiasis
Inflammation of the oral mucosa is called stomatitis
Inflammation of the tongue is called glossitis
The word that means "painful or difficult digestions" is called dyspepsia
Swollen protruding veins in the mucosa of the lower esophagus or stomach are called varices
The abbreviation for peptic ulcer disease is PUD
The abbreviation for gastroesophageal reflux disease is GERD
Vomiting of blood is called hematemesis
Acute inflammation or infection of the stomach due to a virus or bacterium is called gastroenteritis
A cancerous tumor or mass in a gland is called adenocarcinoma
The condition of vomiting more than normal is called hyperemesis
The medical term for vomit is emesis
The reflux of small amounts of food and acid back into the mouth, without vomiting, is called regurgitation
Telescoping of one segment of the intestine inside the lumen of the next segment is called intussusception
Twisting of the intestine around itself is called volvulus
Inflammation of the appendix is called appendicitis
A weakness in the wall of the colon where the mucosa forms a pouch is called a diverticula
Inflammation or infection of the diverticula is called diverticulitis
A bacterial infection of the large intestine caused by an unusual strain of E.coli is called dysentery
The abbreviation for irritable bowel syndrome, also known as spastic colon, is IBS
Swollen, protruding veins in the rectum are called hemorrhoids
Inflammation of the rectum due to radiation therapy, or ulcers, or infection is called proctitis
A protruding wall in the rectum is called a rectocele
Severe constipation is called obstipation
Hardened feces that becomes a stonelike mass is called a fecalith
Abnormally frequent, loose, sometimes watery feces is called diarrhea
Blood in the feces is called hematochezia
The inability to voluntarily control bowel movements is called incontinence
Greasty, frothy, foul-smelling feces that conain undigested fats is called steatorrhea
Fibrous bands that form after abdominal surgery are called adhesions
A weakness in the muscle of the diaphragm or abdominal wall is called a hernia
Inflammation and infection of the peritoneum is called peritonitis
Accumulation of fluid in the abdominopelvic cavity is called ascites
Inflammation and infection of the liver from a virus is called hepatitis
Chronic, progressive inflammation and irreversible degenerative disease of the liver is called cirrhosis
Enlargement of the liver is called hepatomegaly
Yellowish discoloration of the skin and whites of the eyes is called jaundice
A tumor or mass in the liver is called a hepatoma
Word that means "pertaining to the liver cell" is hepatocellular
Acute or chronic inflammation of the bile ducts is called cholangitis
Acute or chronic inflammation of the gallbladder is called cholecystitis
A condition of gallstones in the gallbladder is called cholelithiasis
A condition of stones in the common bile duct is called choledocholithiasis
Inflammation or infection of the pancreas is called pancreatitis
Procedure to remove fluid from the abdomen is called an abdominocentesis
Removal of the appendix is called an appendectomy
Procedure to remove the gallbladder is called a cholecystectomy
Procedure to remove the diseased part of the colon and create a new opening in the abdominal wall is called a colostomy
Procedure that uses an endoscope to examine the gastrointestinal tract is called an endoscopy
Procedure of using an instrument to examine the sigmoid colon is called a sigmoidoscopy
Procedure of using an instrument to examine the entire colon is called a colonoscopy
Procedure that uses an abdominal incision to open the abdomionpelvic cavity is called a laparotomy
Combining form that means fat steat/o
The suffix that means vomiting is -emesis
The suffix that means enlargement is -megaly
The suffix that means creating a surgical opening is -stomy
The suffix that means "tumor or mass" is -oma
The suffix that means "surgical excision or removal" is -ectomy
The suffix that means "hernia" is -cele
The suffix that means the "process of suturing" is -rrhaphy
The suffix that means "process of cutting or making an incision" is -tomy
The suffix that means "instrument used to examine" is -scope
The suffix that means "the process of using an instrument to examine" is -scopy
The suffix that means "record or picture" is -gram
Created by: GKSMS97
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