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Hematologic Terms

Dr. Wolf's Clin Path 1, CVC, SPR2006

TermDefinition
Acanthocyte A spiculated or spiny Erythrocyte
Adenosine triphosphate High-energy phosphate compound, generated by anaerobic glycolysis, which maintains the membrane of the erythrocyte
Agranulocyte A leukocyte without definate cytoplasmic granules
Agranulocytosis Nearly complete or complete abscense of the granulocytes from the blood and bone marrow
Anemia A decrease in the hemoglobin value, the packed cell volume, or the erythrocyte count of more than two standard deviations below the mean normal
Anisocytosis Variation in the size of the cells, usually the erythrocytes
Anticoagulant A substance that prevents the coagulation of blood
Aplastic Cessation of blood cell formation
Arneth's index classification; of formula; Classification of the neutrophils according to the number of lobes their nuclei possess
Band form In the Schilling classification, a granulocyte with a nucleus that is unsegmented and ribbonlike; also called stab, nonfilamented.
Basket cell A degenerative cell that has ruptured and in which the cell nucleus appears as a pale staining smear without prescribed form or shape
Basophilic stippling Erythrocyte that shows blue staining, basophilic granules scattered throughout
Bleeding time The time required for a small, standardized wound to stop bleeding
Blood dyscrasia An abnormal condition of the blood or the blood-forming organs
Buffy coat The layer of leukocytes, thrombocytes, and nucleated erythrocytes, if any, that collect immediately above the erythrocytes in sedimented or centrifuged whole blood
Coagulation time The time required for venous blood, in the absence of all tissue factors, to clot in glass tubes under controlled conditions
Color index The ratio between the amount of hemoglobin and the number of erythrocytes
Crenation Shrinkage of cells in a hypertonic solution with the formation of irregular margins and a number of prickly points. Also seen in smears caused by dirty glassware, slow drying, extreem temperatures, and poor smearing technique
Differential count A count of the types of leukocytes, seen on a stained blood smear or bone marrow
Smudge cell Any cellof any series in which the cytomplasmic outline has been disrupted or the nuclear chromatin is no longer surrounded by a membrane
Dohle bodies Small (1 to 2 microns) round or oval, gray-blue bodies in the cytoplasm of neutrophilic leukocytes, thought to be due to incomplete utilization of TNA during maturation of the cytoplasm
Eosinophilia An increase in the relative or absolute number of eosinophils in the blood
Erythrocytic hypoplasia Hypoplasia of the erythrocytic series only; indicates a selective depression of erythrogenesis
Erythrocytopenia A decreased number of erythrocytes in the peripheral blood
Erythrocytosis The presence of an increased erythrocyte count above normal and associated with an increased total blood volume
Erythropoiesis The production of erythrocytes
Erythropoietin The hormonal or humoral substance in the plasma that regulates erythropoiesis by stimulation of the bone marrow
Ferritin A protein molecule that stores iron
Fibrin The end product of the clotting mechanism, which forms a network of fibers that enmesh the formed elements of blood
Fragility test A test devised to measure the resistance of the erythrocytes to break down (hemolyze) when subjected to varying concentrations of hypotonic salt solutions; osmotic fragility test
Globin A protein subunit of hemoglobin composes of an alpha-one and beta-one polypeptide chain
Clucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) An enzyme of aerobic glycolysis
Granulocyte A leukocyte that contains specific cytoplasmic granules (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) regardless of the stage of differentiation
Granulocytosis Presence of increased numbers of granulocytes in the blood
Haptoglobin A plasma beta globulin that binds the heihemoglobin molecule
Heinz bodies An intraerythrocytic mass of denatured globin, irregular in shape and appearing as refractile granules when slightly out of focus. This latter property is responsible for their being called erythrocyte refractile bodies
Hemocytometer An instrument for counting the number of cells, especially in the blood
Hemoglobinemia A condition in which the hemoglobin is dissolved out of the the erythrocytes in solution in the plasma
Hemolysis Destruction of erythrocytes by dissolution or lysis
Hemosiderin An insoluble form of storage iron visible microscopically
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