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Nursing Fundamentals
Chapters 11-14 Terms
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Autonomous Mortality | Second stage , Jean Piaget's theory - The child understands that peoople make rules and that they can be changed. |
Biophysical development | How our physical body grows and changes |
Cognitive development | Rationale - thinking processes that inclue the changes in how children and adolescents perform intellectual operations. |
Erikson's eight stages | Individuals master a task before successfully movign on to the next stage and progressing to the next one. |
Freud's psychoanalytic model of personality development | individuals go through five stages of psychosexual development and each stage was characterized by sexual pleasure in parts of the body: the mouth, anus, and the genitals. |
Goud's development themes | Starts when individuals are in their 20s when you learv your consequences for your decisions of your independence, 30s when you recognize the complexities of adult decisions, and 40s when your begin to think possibilites are limited. |
Heteronomous mortality | First stage , jean Piaget's theory - The child (4-7yrs) doesn't believe that rules are unchangeable and that when a rule is broken, there is an imminent justice. |
Kohlberg's theory of moral development | Preconventional reasoning, Conventional reasoning, postconventional reasoning. |
Modeling | they make decisions whether to imitate or not. |
Piaget's theory of moral development | Include two stages heteronomous and autonomous morality. |
Piaget's theory of cognitionve development | Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete, and Formal Operations |
Infancy (birth to 18 months) - Oral Stage | Trust vs Mistrust, Sensorimotor Progress for reflex to activity to simple repetitive actions |
Early Childhood ( 18mo to 3yrs) - Anal Stage | Autonomy vc shame and doubt, Preoperational period - thinking w symbols, egocentric |
Preschool (3-5) - Phallic Stage | Initiative vx guilt Highly imaginitave, Use of Symbols, egocentric, preoperational |
Middle child hood (6-12) Latent stage | Industry vs inferiority, Concrete operations, Logical Thinking |
Adolescense (12-19) Genital stage | Identity vx Role Confusion, Formal Operations, Sexual Maturity, Abstract thinking |
Nagele's Rule | Length of pregnancy which counts back 3 months from the first day of the last mensrual period (LMP) and then adds 7 days. |
Germinal period | first 2 weeks after conception |
Embryonic period | starts from 3 week to 8th week after conception |
fetal period | 9th week until birth |
Gestation (first trimester) | Fetus has all body parts by 12 weeks, weighs about 3 oz, and 3 inches long. Can produce urine, swallow, suck, and frown, and move all extemeties |
Gestation (second trimester) | Heartbeat is audible. Prematurity is between d20-37 weeks' gestation. |
teratogens | comes from greek work tera "monsters" and it is any factor capable of damaging the fetus |
Gestation (third trimester) | Skin thickens and has lanugo which begins to disappear.A tremendous spurt in the brain growth begins during this trimester |
Molding | overlapping of soft skull bones to allow the fetal head to adjust to various diameters of the maternal pelvis |
Fontanels are usually palpable at birth. | Diamond shape of the anterior fonanels, and triangular shape of the posterior fontanels. |
Preschool age | three to five years old |
Initiative vs Guilt | 3-6 years; Setting limits may lead to guilt |
3 year old play with others and shifts from ____ play | parallel |
Age 4, children play in groups of 2 or 3. What about age 5? | Temporary leader for each activity |
School aged develop gross motor skills | Balancing running, jumping, catching which helps then gain a sense of ACHIEVEMENTS by working and playing with peers. |
School age in the eyes of Erikson | Industry vs Inferiority |
this age uses sybols to carry out operations in thought rather than in action. | age 7 year old |
Sandwich generation | middle adult (40-60) Caring for parents and children. They try to refine relationships with their spouse. You need to assess couping levels of the middle adult to the grief and lozz associated with certain changes. |
5 steps of assessment | assess, diagnose, plan, implement, evaluate |
The purpose of assessment | To establish a database about the client's perceived needs, health problems, and responses to these problems. |
Who created 11 functional health patterns? | Gordon |
Information given by the patient (what they say) | subjective data |
Sourcesof information during assessment | Client, family, records, medical team, nurses experience, other records or literature |
Interview - what is this | An organized conversation between the patient and nurse where you can collect subjective data. |
What makes an interview successful? | preparation |
Orientation phase - what is this? | First step of the interview process to introduce yourself, explain the purpose of the interview, and tell your position (ensuring you let them know that all data will be kept confidential) |
What happens during working phase? | Gathering of informatin about the clients status. focused, orderly, unhurried. USE COMMUNICATION SKILLS |
what are meant by communication skills used in the working stage? | Active listening, paraphrasing, and summarizing to promote a clear interaction. open-ended questions are always encouraging for clients to tell their story |
Health history - obtained during the working stage of interviewing. What does this include? | Current wellness level, review of the bosy systems, family and health history, sociocultural history, spiritual history, mental and emotional reactions to illness. |
Termination phase of interviewing - What should you do? | Let the patient know the interview is almost over "I just have two mor questions to ask you." |
The environment of an interview is very important - how can you help with this? | Keep as little distractions as possible, no rushing, no interruptions. |
Basic components of health history (11) | Biographical - normally taken from registrations. Ask - What brought you to the clinic today?" Acklowledge what is important to the client seeking health care. Present illnesses should be addressed (if they are gradual or sudden, and when it began) |
Continuing basic components of health history.... | Health history - current health habits and experiences. familty history, environmental history, psychosocial history - support system of client. spiritual health, review of sys (ROS) and ask about normal fcns of the systems and any changes. documentation |
Physical Examination techniquies (4) | Inspection (and also Olfaction), Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation |
Complete exam. - what is performed | vital signs check, head-to-toe exam of all bosy systems. Conduct this with sensitivity and competence to prevent the client from being too anxious. |
Comparison of data to another source to determine accuracy | Validation |
Observation and documentation (recording) of client status is a ____ responsibility according to the ____ ____ ____ Statement | legal; Nursing Social Policy |