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7-1Unit 1 Vocabulary

Glencoe Unit 1 Vocabulary

Question	Answer
Geography	study of the earth in all its variety
Landform	individual features of the land such as mountains and valleys
Environment	people's natural surroundings
Global Positioning System (GPS)	device that receives signals to tell the exact location
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)	computer software used to collect data
Artifacts	tools, pottery, paintings, weapons and other items from the past
Fossils	remains of humans
Solar System	Earth, seven other planets and thousands of smaller bodies that revolve around the sun
Orbit	path around the sun
Atmosphere	air surrounding Earth
Axis	imaginary line that runs through the Earth's center between the North and South Poles
Revolution	one complete orbit around the sun
Leap Year	a year that contains one extra day every four years
Summer Solstice	sun is directly over the Tropic of Cancer and Northern Hemisphere has the most hours of sunlight, beginning of summer
Winter Solstice	sun is directly over the Tropic of Capricorn and Northern Hemisphere has the fewest hours of sunlight, start of winter
Equinoxes	sun is directly over the Equator, vernal or spring is about March 21 and autumnal or fall is about September 23
Core	center of the earth with hot iron mixed with other metals and rock, has two parts inner and outer
Mantle	layer of rock surrounding the core
Magma	melted rock in the outer mantle
Crust	uppermost layer of earth includes the ocean floors and continents
Continents	seven large land masses
Plate Tectonics	theory to explain earth's structure that the crust contains plates that float on liquid rock and move in different directions
Earthquake	violent and sudden movement of the earth's crust
Tsunamis	huge waves caused by underseas earthquakes
Faults	cracks in the earth's crust
Weathering	process of breaking down surface rock into boulders, gravel, sand and soil
Erosion	process of wearing away or moving weathered material by wind, water and ice
Glaciers	giant, slow-moving sheets of ice
Elevation	height above sea level
Plains	low-lying stretches of flat or gently rolling land
Plateaus	flat like plains but at a higher elevation
Isthmus	narrow piece of land that connects two larger pieces of land
Peninsula	piece of land with water on three sides
Island	land smaller than a continent surrounded by water
Continental Shelf	plateau off each coast stretching several miles underwater
Trenches	deep valleys on the ocean floor
Strait	narrow body of water between two pieces of land
Channel	wider body of water between two pieces of land
Delta	soil and sand built up at the mouth of a river
Water Vapor	water in the form of gas
Water Cycle	process of water from oceans to the air to the ground and back to the oceans
Evaporation	sun's heat turns liquid water into water vapor
Condensation	tiny droplets of water that come together to form clouds
Precipitation	rain, snow, sleet or hail
Collection	precipitation that has reached earth and soaks into the ground or goes to streams and rivers
Groundwater	water that fills tiny cracks and holes in the rock layers below the surface of the earth
Aquifers	underground rock layers that water flows through
Weather	unpredictable changes in air that take place over a short period of time
Climate	the usual, predictable pattern of weather in an area over a long period of time
Tropics	region near the Equator between the tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn
Drought	long period of extreme dryness
El Nino	formed when cold winds from the east are weak so the central Pacific region grows warmer than usual
El Nina	winds from the east are very strong, cooling the Pacific region
Currents	carry warm or cool water through the oceans
Local Winds	patterns of wind caused by landforms in a particular area
Rain Shadow	dry area on the side of the mountains facing away from the wind
Greenhouse Effect	warming of the earth's surface from the build up of gases in the atmosphere
Rain Forests	tropical climate with dense forests near the Equator, high amounts of yearly rain
Savannas	tropical climate with broad grasslands, few trees, hot and dry
Marine West Coast Climate	Mid Latitude climate found in coastal areas that receive winds from the ocean, winters are mild and rainy, summers cool
Mediterranean Climate	Mid Latitude climate along a coast with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers
Humid Continental Climate	Mid Latitude climate found in inland areas of North America, Europe and Asia with long, cold, snowy winters and short, hot summers. Deciduous trees found here
Humid Subtropical Climate	Mid Latitude climate close to the Tropics with rainy hot and humid summers, winters short and mild
Subarctic	High Latitude climate with very cold and bitter winters with temperatures above freezing in the summer
Tundra	High Latitude climate near the poles, harsh and dry with permafrost
Steppes	Dry climate surrounding a desert with partly dry grassland or treeless plain, receiving an average of 10 - 20 inches of rain a year
Acid Rain	chemicals from air pollution combine with precipitation
Deforestation	cutting down forests without replanting them
Crop Rotation	changing what is planted in a field to avoid using up all the minerals in the soil
Conservation	careful use of resources so they are not wasted
Irrigation	practice of collecting water and distributing it to crops
Pesticides	powerful chemicals that kill crop-destroying insects
Ecosystems	places where the plants and animals are dependent upon each other and their surroundings for survival
Culture	way of life of people who share similar beliefs and customs
Ethnic Group	group of people who share a common history, language, religion and some physical characteristics
Dialect	local form of a language that differs from the same language in other areas
Democracy	form of government where power rests with the people
Dictatorship	form of government where someone takes power by force and relies on police or military to remain in power
Monarchy	Kings or Queens are born into a ruling family and inherit the power to rule
Cultural Diffusion	spreading knowledge and skills from one culture to other cultures
Civilizations	highly developed cultures
Culture Region	countries that share similar economic systems, forms of government and social groups
Death Rate	number of people out of every 1,000 who die in a year
Birthrate	number of children born each year for every 1,000 people
Famine	lack of food
Population Density	average number of people living in a square mile or square kilometer
Urbanization	movement from rural areas to cities
Emigrate	leave the country you were born in to live in another country
Refugees	people who flee to another country to escape persecution or disaster
Natural Resources	products of the earth that people use to meet their needs
Renewable Resources	can be replaced naturally or grown again
Nonrenewable Resources	earth provides limited supplies and they cannot be replaced
Economic System	rules for deciding what goods and services to produce, how to produce them, who will receive them
Export	sell or trade goods to other countries
Import	buy or trade goods from another country
Tariff	tax added to the price of goods that are imported
Quota	number limit on how many items of a particular product can be imported from a particular country
Free Trade	removing trade barriers so that goods flow freely among countries
Developed Countries	countries that have a great deal of manufacturing
Developing Countries	country that may be rich in natural resources and are working to industrialize
Rights	benefits and protections guaranteed to you by law
Responsibilities	duties that you owe to other citizens and your government
Interdependence	countries depend on one another for goods, raw materials, and markets to sell goods
Globalization	development of a world culture and an interdependent world economy

Created by: robbiesmom on 2009-09-07

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7-1Unit 1 Vocabulary

Glencoe Unit 1 Vocabulary