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Abeka Chemistry Ch13

Chapter 13 Definitions

Question	Answer
the study of energy transformations in chemical and physical processes	Thermodynamics
In chemistry, the study of reaction rates and the mechanisms by which reactions occur	Kinetics
the energy content of a system at constant pressure	Enthalpy
Matter and energy can neither be created no destroyed	1st Law of Thermodynamics
During any energy transformation, some energy goes to an unusable form.	2nd Law of Thermodynamics
The change in enthalpy that occurs during a reaction	Heat of reaction
The change in enthalpy that occurs when 1 mole of a compound is formed from its elements; abbreviated	Enthalpy of formation
An accepted set of conditions for a substance that specifies temperature, pressure, and concentration; for thermodynamics, the standard state is usually 298 K and 1 atm; for gas laws, it is usually 273 K and 1 atm	Standard State
The enthalpy change for the reaction that produces 1 mole of a compound in its standard state from its elements in their standard states	Standard Molar Enthalpy of Formation
The Law that states that the enthalpy change of a reaction equals the sum of the enthalpy changes for each step of the reaction	Hess's Law
The enthalpy change that occurs when 1 mole of bonds in a gaseous compound are broken	Enthalpy of Bond Formation
The measure of randomness or disorder in a specified portion of the universe; a measure of the increasing unavailability of energy to perform useful work	Entropy
A term that includes the enthalpy and entropy of a substance	Free Energy
The driving force of a reaction and the indicator of spontaneity	Free Energy Change
The theory that states that molecules and atoms must undergo forceful, properly oriented collisions before they can react	Collision Theory
the minimum amount of kinetic energy that must be possessed by reactants before they can have an effective collision	Activation Energy
An unstable, energetic group of reactants that forms as a transitional structure during a chemical reaction	Activated Complex
The speed at which reactants disappear or products appear in a chemical reaction	Reaction Rate
A substance that changes the reaction rate without permanently being changed by the reaction	Catalyst
A catalyst that is in the same phase as a reactant, or in solution with the reactant	Homogenous Catalyst
A catalyst that is in a separate phase from the reactants	Heterogenous Catalyst
a protein molecule that acts as a catalyst	Enzyme
A substance used to slow a reaction or reduce the effect of a catalyst	Inhibitor
the series of steps that make up a reaction	Reaction Mechanism
A mathematical equation that describes how fast a reaction occurs	Rate Law

Created by: 1084572898 on 2009-07-14

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Abeka Chemistry Ch13

Chapter 13 Definitions