ch 18 bleeding and shock

Question	Answer
What describes a state of collapse and failure of the cardiovascular system in which blood circulation slows and eventually ceases	shock
How much does the average male heart weight in oz	10-12oz
how much does the average female heart weight in oz	8-10oz
where does the heart lie in the chest	roughly 2/3rds of the heart lies in the left part of the mediastinum.
The upper and lower portions of the heart are seperated by what	atrioventricular valves
What is located between the ventricules and the arteries into which they pump blood	semiluner valves
The pressure in the aorta against which the left ventricle must pump blood is called what	afterload
A higher afterload therfore reduces what	stroke volume
what is the amount of blood ejected per contraction	stroke volume
cardiac out put is = to what	stroke volume x pulse rate
Increased venous return to the heart stretches the ventricles somewhat, resulting in what	increased cardiac contractility
The theroy that when the heart is stretched it will contract more forecfully is known as the	starling law of the heart
Although the amount of blood returning to the right atrium varies somewhat from minute to minute, a normal heart continues to pumop the same % of blood returned. This is called	the ejection fraction
What consists of plasma and the formed elements or cells that are suspended in the plasma	blood
What is a watery, strw-colored substance that accounts for more then half of the total blood volume	plasma
What is the circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells current needs for oxygen, nutrients, and waste removal	perfusion
The heart needs ___________ perfusion, or it will not function properly	constant
the brain and spinal cord can go how long without perfusion before the nerve cells will be permanently damaged.	4-6 minutes
The kidneys will be permanently damaged after how many minutes without perfusion	45 minutes
Skeletal muscles can go how long without perfusion untill they are damaged	2 hours
why is a cold organ better able to resist hypoperfusion	it slows the bodys metabolism
the adult male body contains how many ml of blood per kilo	70ml
the adult female body contains how many ml of blood per kilo	65ml
The body can not tolerate an acute blood loss of more the _____% the total blood volume	20%
When platelets aggregate at the site of a cut vessel plugging the hole and sealing the injured portion of the blood vessel, this is called what	hemostasis
The passage of dark terry stoles is known as what	melena
The passage of stools containing bright red blood is called	hematochezia
An air splint is typically inflated to what	50mm Hg
The application of a touniquets can cause permanent damage to what	nerves, muscles and blood vessels resulting in the loss of the limb
MAST pants are pumped up to what pressure	where the velcro crackles
When apply MAST pants to a fractured femure you should also apply what	traction splint
Before inflating MAST pants you should always first listen to what	breath sounds
When using MAST pants to stabilize a pelvic fracture you should inflate till what	the pants are firm to the touch
There is only one instance you would deflate MAST pants in the field, with medical controls guidance. Name it	when you suspect a ruptured diaphragm.
In any patient with unexplained shock you should always suspect what type of shock	hypovolemic shock
In an effort to maintain circulation of blood to the brain, your body will shunt blood from what tissues. List them in order from first to last	Placenta, skin, muscles, gut, kidneys, liver, heart, lungs
the golden hour of truama came from what concept	that if blood supply is inadequate to major organs for more then 60 minutes they often will lead to death
the most common cause of exogenous hypovolemic shock is what	external bleeding
the most common cause of endogenous hypovolemic shock is what	internal bleeding
the body can only handle _________ _________ for a limited amount of time.	anaerobic metabolism
During anearobic metabolism, incomplete ______ _______ ______ leadts to an acumulation of pyruvic acid	glucose break down
When aortic pressures fall below a MAP of _____ the coronary arteries no longer fill, the heart is weakend and the CO falls	60mm Hg
What is a progressive condition characterized by combined failure of several organs	Multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome
what aqre the 3 successive phases of shock	compensated, decompensated, and irreversible
The earliest stage of shock in which the body can still compensate for blood loss is known as	Compensated shock
A stage of shock where the a BP starts to fall is what	decompensated
When shock progresses to a terminal stage of shock	IRREVERSIBLE
What are probably the 2 earliest signs of shock	restlessness and anxiety
what may be the last measurable factor to change in shock	BP
Infants and children can maintain BP until they loose ~ how much of their blood volume	half
what causes weak and thready pules	when the vessels are now very narrow and not much volume is moving through them
To determine how well the vital organs are being profused you must rely on the patients what	state of consciousness
A systolic BP of 100-130 will get a fluid bolus of what	250ml
A systolic BP of 80-90 will get a fluid bolus of what	500ml
A systolic BP of 50-80 will get a fluid bolus of what	1000ml
~ how much of infused NS, when given as a bolus, diffuses out of the intravaculature space and in how much time	60% in 20 minutes

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