incorrect cards (0)
correct cards (0)
remaining cards (0)
retry
restart
shuffle
help
0:01
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
internal regulation
internal regulation for biological psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) | inhibitory neurotransmitter found in the areas of the hypothalamus that regulate feeding |
| Aldosterone | adrenal hormone that causes the kidneys to conserve sodium when excreting urine |
| Allostasis | adaptive way in which the body changes its set points in response to changes in its life or changes in the environment |
| Angiotensin II | hormone that constricts the blood vessels, contributing to hypovolemic thirst |
| Anorexia nervosa | condition characterized by unwillingness to eat, severe weight loss, and sometimes death |
| Arcuate nucleus | hypothalamic area with one set of neurons sensitive to hunger signals and another sensitive to satiety signals |
| Basal metabolism | rate of energy use while the body is at rest, used largely for maintaining a constant body temperature |
| Bulimia nervosa | condition characterized by alternation between dieting and overeating |
| Carnivores | animals that eat meat |
| Cholecystokinin (CCK) | hormone released by the duodenum in response to food distention |
| Conditioned taste aversions | learned avoidance of a food whose consumption is followed by illness |
| Cytokines | chemicals released by the immune system that attack infections and communicate with the brain to elicit anti-illness behaviors |
| Duodenum | part of the small intestine adjoining the stomach; the first part of the digestive system that absorbs food |
| Ghrelin | chemical released by stomach during food deprivation; also released as a neurotransmitter in the brain, where it stimulates eating |
| Glucagon | pancreatic hormone that stimulates the liver to convert stored glycogen to glucose |
| Herbivores | animals that eat plants |
| Homeostasis | tendency to maintain a variable, such as temperature, within a fixed range |
| Homeothermic | maintaining nearly constant body temperature over a wide range of environmental temperatures |
| Hypovolemic thirst | thirst provoked by low blood volume |
| Insulin | pancreatic hormone that facilitates the entry of glucose into the cells |
| Lactase | enzyme necessary for lactose metabolism |
| Lactose | the sugar in milk |
| Lateral hypothalamus | area of the hypothalamus that is important for the control of eating and drinking |
| Lateral preoptic area | portion of the hypothalamus that includes some cells that facilitate drinking and some that inhibit it, as well as passing axons that are important for osmotic thirst |
| Leptin | peptide released by fat cells; tends to decrease eating, partly by inhibiting release of neuropeptide Y in the hypothalamus |
| Melanocortin | type of chemical that promotes satiety in the hypothalamus |
| Negative feedback | in homeostasis, processes that reduce discrepancies from the set point |
| Neuropeptide Y (NPY) | peptide found in the brain, especially the hypothalamus; it inhibits activity of the paraventricular nucleus and thereby increases meal size |
| Omnivores | animals that eat both meat and plants |
| Osmotic pressure | tendency of water to flow across a semipermeable membrane from the area of low solute concentration to the area of high solute concentration |
| Osmotic thirst | thirst that results from an increase in the concentration of solutes in the body |
| OVLT (organum vasculosum laminae terminalis) | brain structure on the border of the third ventricle, highly sensitive to the osmotic pressure of the blood |
| Paraventricular nucleus (PVN) | area of the hypothalamus in which activity tends to limit meal size and damage leads to excessively large meals |
| Poikilothermic | maintaining the body at the same temperature as the environment |
| Preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus (POA/AH) | brain area important for temperature control |
| Set point | level at which homeostatic processes maintain a variable |
| Sham-feeding | procedure in which everything that an animal swallows leaks out a tube connected to the esophagus or stomach |
| Sodium-specific hunger | enhanced preference for salty tastes during a period of sodium deficiency |
| Splanchnic nerves | nerves carrying impulses from the thoracic and lumbar parts of the spinal cord to the digestive organs and from the digestive organs to the spinal cord; they convey information about the nutrient content of food in the digestive system |
| Subfornical organ (SFO) | brain structure adjoining the third ventricle of the brain, where its cells monitor blood volume and relay information to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus |
| Supraoptic nucleus | one of two areas of the hypothalamus that controls secretion of vasopressin |
| Vagus nerve (tenth cranial nerve) | has branches to and from the stomach and several other organs; it conveys information about the stretching of the stomach walls |
| Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH) | pituitary hormone that raises blood pressure and enables the kidneys to reabsorb water and therefore to secrete highly concentrated urine |
| Ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) | region of the hypothalamus in which damage leads to faster stomach emptying and increased secretion of insulin |
Created by:
jondoh
on 2009-04-21