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Chapter 18
The Cardiovascular System - Chambers, Circuits, Valves & Blood Flow Pathway
Question | Answer |
---|---|
the heart is the __ system and the blood vessels are the ___ | transport - delivery route |
the heart is located in the ___ which is a subdivision of the ___ | pericardium - mediostinum |
what side is the pulmonary circuit on? | right |
the systemic circuit is located on the __ side | left |
which circuit pumps blood through the lungs? | pulmonary |
the systemic circuit pumps blood: | through the body's tissues & organs |
the pulmonary circuit __ oxygen and __ carbon dioxide | picks up - releases |
the systemic circuit __ oxygen & __ CO2 | supplies - removes |
epicardium | outer layer |
myocardium | middle layer - *contracts* |
endocardium | inside layer |
the ___ layer is composed of mainly cardiac muscle | myocardium |
this layer lines the heart chambers | endocardium |
what happens if there is too much fluid in the heart? | heart can't move & contract to pump |
if there isn't enough fluid in the heart, this causes: | adhesion |
which veins carry oxygenated blood? | pulmonary |
what does the superior vena cava do? | drains head & thoracic region |
the coronary sinus... | collects all the blood |
inferior vena cava | drains neck & down |
what prevents blood from coming back in atrium? | chordae tendinae |
what happens if you have oxygenated & deoxygnated blood flowing together? | it can cause back flow - causing blood not to flow effiiciently |
when heart cells die, they don't repair. true or false. | true |
angina pectoris | severe chest pain --> caused by lack of oxygen to heart muscle |
ischemia | |
myocardial infaraction (heart attack) | |
what are the receiving chambers of the heart? | atria |
what are the 2 largest veins? | superior & inferior vena cava |
deoxygenated means: | used, full of waste & CO2 |
what is the only artery that brings oxygneated blood to the heart? | left pulmonary artery |
this vein returns blood from body superior to diaphgram | superior vena cava |
the inferior vena cava returns blood from body ____ | inferior to diaphgram |
what are the 4 chambers of the heart? | right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium & left ventricle |
the right atrium receives __ blood | deoxygenated |
in the right atrium, blood enters via what 3 veins? | the vana cavas & coronary sinus |
in the right ventricle ___ blood flows from the ___ | deoxygenated - right atrium |
in the right ventricle, blood flows in from the __ and flows out through the __ | right atrium - pulmonary trunk |
the left atrium receives what kind of blood? | oxygenated |
oxygenated blood is | new blood |
blood enters the left atrium from the ___ and exits through the __ | pulmonary veins - left ventricle |
the most muscular chamber of the heart is the ___ | left ventricle |
__ blood flows in the left ventricle | oxygenated |
blood comes in the left ventricle via __ and leaves through the __ | mitral valve - aortic valve |
the right ventricle & atrium are apart of which circuit? | pulmonary |
the systemic circuit is on the __ side of the heart | left |
why is the heart considered a double pump? | because each side supplies its own circuit |
when blood is going from the right atrium to the right ventricle, it is passing the __ valve | tricupsid |
when blood is traveling from the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk, its passing the __ valve | pulmonary semilunar |
blood goes from the left atrium to the left ventricle via the __ valve | bicuspsid |
when blood is leaving the left ventricle to the aorta, its passing through which valve? | semilunar vavle |
blood leaves the vena cavas & coronary sinus then travels to the __ then the right ventricle to the ___ then off to the ___, then the __ when it leaves there it goes to the: | right atrium pulmonary trunk lungs heart 4 pulmonary veins |
when blood leaves the pulmonary veins it goes to the ___ then ___ | left atrium left ventricle |
after blood leaves the left ventricle it goes to the ___ then the body then the __ and the process starts over | aorta - heart |
coronary cicrulation is: | the functional blood supply of the heart |
the shortest circulation in the body is__ | coronary circulation |
the left & right coronary arteries arise from the __ which : | aorta - provides aortal supply of coronary circulation |
venous blood is collected by the ___ and empties into the ___ | cardiac veins - coronary sinus |
what 2 large vessels receive blood from the left & right ventricles? | aorta & pulmonary trunk |
arteries go in which direction of the heart? | away |
veins go __ heart | to the |
the atrioventricular valves consist of which 2 valves? | tricupsid & mitral |
mitral valve | between left atrium & left ventricle |
the atrioventricular valves controls blood flow between the __ | upper & lower chambers |
which valve prevents blood flow into atria when the ventricles are contracting? | atrioventricular valve |
the atria is the __ chamber | receiving |
the ventricles are the __ chamber | discharging |
the semilunar valves consist of: | pulmonary & aortic vavles |
the semilunar valve prevents backflow in ventricles when ventricles are: | relaxing |
gap junctions are cell junctions that: | allows ions to move across the heart - heart beats as unit |
this cell junction acts as an anchor - holding cells together as heart beats. | desmosomes |
where are gap junctions & desosomes located? | intercalated disc |