click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Sensory Physiology
General senses
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Types of Somatic senses | Touch, temperature, pain and proprioception ( the awareness of the body part in space) |
special senses? | Olfactory ( related to smell) gestation, vision, hearing and balance |
the four main stimulus for receptor ? | Chemoreceptors, photoreceptors, mechanorecptor and nocioceptor |
the process of non-neural receptor? | Once receptor detect stimuli , it causes gated ion Chanel to open-------action potential occurs-------which causes the release of neurotransmitter ------afferent pathway. |
receptive fields | Area that neuron monitor. It's often overlap and converge on afferent pathway. |
What is two points of discrimination? | More distinction, less convergence between recteptive field. |
how does CNS distinguish between different stimuli? | -Location which determine what part of the brain to send signal to. Sensory cortex (gray matter) contain column devoted to different body part. |
- sensory receptor-nature of stimuli-type of receptor that is activated also determine region of the brain the info is sent to. | |
how does CNS distinguish between different stimuli? | -Location which determine what part of the brain to send signal to. Sensory cortex (gray matter) contain column devoted to different body part. |
receptor adaptation | - sensory receptor-nature of stimuli-type of receptor that is activated also determine region of the brain the info is sent to. |
somatic senses | -Duration -intensity which determine on the number of neuron firing and the frequency of neuron firing. |
receptor adaptation | receptor stops response to stimuli once it persist (keep on) |
What is mechanoreceptor? | it is touch receptor, touch, pressure and stretch. |
somatic senses | receptor are located on skin and visceral organs. afferent info cross the body at some point. its thalamus relays or sends afferent info to a appropriate part somatic-sensory cortex, especially region of cerebral cortex for somatic senses. |
describe thermoreceptor | Free nerve ending in hypodermis. Both warmth-deep in dermis Pacinian and cold |
mechanoreceptor? | it is touch receptor, touch, pressure and stretch. |
thermoreceptor | Free nerve ending in hypodermis. Both warmth-deep in dermis Pacinian and cold at the superficial dermis meiners light. thermoreceptor serve and can activate nociceptors. |
nocioceptor ? | free nerve ending that can response to varieties of negative stimuli. eg. cytokines released by injured tissue such as histamine, prostaglandin. - can be activated by mechanoreceptor and thermoreceptors |
describe the two reflex pathway for pain | integration at spinal cord -----unconscious moto output. pain can be fast or slow. -Refered pain: sensory neuron for skin and viseral converge onto the same afferent nerve. CNS receive stimuli, but can't distinguish. interpret as skin pain instead. |
what is chronic pain | long term pain. usually reflective of damage pathway or CNS |
what happen if the afferent pathway is damage? | A person would not able to feel pain if the afferent fail to send electrical impulse to the integrating center. |
olfactory bolb | olfactory bulb is located at the base of the frontal loop, synapses to olfactory cell ( primary sensory neuron) extends into nasal ( secondary sensory neuron) cavity and dendrites. |
Chemoreception step | 1. chemical in air dissolve in mucus, binds to receptor on dendrites of olfactory cell, typically G-protein couple receptor that open gated ion channels. olfactory send neurotransmitter to 2nd sensory neuron in olfactory bulb. cranial nerve I |
chemoreception step | cranial nerve I bring info to olfactory cortex for processing. |
Gustation: Taste bud located on the side of papillae. | consists of grouping of gustatory cell and glial cells. Gustatory cell have microvilli conains chemorecptor.- non-neurorecptor, each one responds to one type of receptor, synapse to primary neurons, to multiple cranial nerves, to gustatory cortex. |