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Psych 495 Ch 2 Defs

Definitions from Chapter 02

TermDefinition
field experiment a study method in which researchers manipulate an independent variable in a natural setting while maintaining as much control as possible over the research situation.
hypotheses derivations of theoretical postulates that can be tested in research
theoretical postulates proposed links among variables; the underpinnings of theories
validity the amount that a measure assesses the characteristic it is supposed to assess, and that it assess all aspects of that characteristic and only that characteristic
laboratory experiment research in a highly controlled environment
dependent variable the proposed effect in cause-and-effect
independent variable the proposed cause in cause-and-effect; the variable that is manipulated in experiments
experimental research strategy study method in which researchers take control of a situation to ensure the three criteria for causality are met
test-retest reliability when the same people complete the same measure at different times, and the correlation coefficient between the scores of the first and second time are computed
reliability the consistency of a measure in providing the same result with the same person
content analysis study method that examines media that people create to identify themes that help the researcher understand the topic of study
hypothetical constructs abstract concepts that are used in theories and studied in research
internal consistency the extent to which people respond in the same way to all items on a measure
ethnographic research study method using a variety of qualitative data collection techniques to come to an understanding of how people experience and interpret events in their own lives, emphasizing influence of context on behavior
Implicit Association Test (IAT) a method which uses response competition - pitting a habitual response against an opposing one and testing increase in level of difficulty in responding
priming a phenomenon in which exposure of an example of a member of a category activates concepts associated with the category; used as an implicit cognitive measure
self-report asking people questions and recording the answers
conditions of independent variable sets of experiences that represent different aspects of the independent variable
unobtrusive measures measures characterized by subtlety, giving the impression of unrelatedness to the actual subject of study
discriminant validity the extent to which a measure does NOT assess characteristics it is not supposed to assess
correlation coefficient the strength of the relationship between 2 variables
convenience sampling research in which the sample consists of people from whom researchers can easily collect data, for example, college students
probability sampling researchers begin by defining a research population and select a sample from that population, with the characteristics of the population repeated on a small scale
survey search a study method in which respondents answer questions designed to assess their attitudes, beliefs, opinions, behaviors and personalities
correlational research strategy study method in which researchers measure 2 or more variables and look for relationships among them
generalizeability the amount that study results are similar across variations in research procedure
conceptual replication repeating a study with changes in procedures
exact replication repeating a study in all particulars
prediction(s) restatement of a hypothesis in terms of operational definitions
operational definitions directly observable, concrete representations of hypothetical constructs
variable characteristic on which people differ, which takes on more than one value when measured across groups, as it varies across people
convergent validity the degree to which scores on a measure correlate with scores on measures of the same or related characteristics and the attendant behaviors
social desirability response bias the phenomenon in which subjects temper their responses in reaction to awareness of observation
Created by: Z1759032
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