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Science Chapter 4
Vocabulary Carbon Chemistry
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Diamond | a form of the element carbon; it is the hardest mineral crystal on Earth |
Graphite | a form of the element carbon in which carbon atoms form flat layers |
Fullerene | a form of the element carbon that consists of carbon atoms arranged in a repeating pattern |
Organic compound | most compounds that contain carbon |
Hydrocarbon | an organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen |
Molecular Formula | a combination of chemical symbols that represent the elements in each molecule of a compound |
Subscript | a number in a formula written in lower and smaller than the symbol to indicate the number of atoms of an element in a molecule |
Structural formula | a description of a molecule that shows the kind, number, and arrangement of atoms |
Isomer | one of a number of compounds that have the same molecule formula but different structures |
Saturated hydrocarbon | a hydrocarbon in which all the bonds between carbon atoms are single bonds |
Unsaturated hydrocarbon | a hydrocarbon in which one or more of the binds between carbon atoms is double or triple |
Substituted hydrocarbon | a hydrocarbon in which one or more hydrocarbon atoms have been replaced by atoms of other elements |
Hydroxyl group | An -OH group, found in alcohols |
Alcohol | a substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more hydroxyl groups |
Organic acid | a substituted hydrocarbon with one or more of the -COOH group of atoms |
Carboxyl group | A -COOH group, found in organic acids |
Ester | an organic compound made by chemically combining an alcohol and an organic acid |
Polymer | a large molecule in the form of a chain in which many smaller molecules are bonded together |
Monomer | one molecule that makes up the link in a polymer |
Synthetic | a material that is not formed naturally but is manufactured |
Nutrient | a substance that provides energy or raw materials for the body to grow, repair worn parts, or function properly |
Digestion | the process of breaking polymers into monomers by means of a chemical change |
Carbohydrate | an energy-rich organic compound made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
Glucose | a sugar found in the body; the monomer of many complex carbohydrates |
Complex carbohydrate | a long chain, or polymer, of simple carbohydrates |
Starch | a complex carbohydrate in which plants store energy |
Cellulose | a complex carbohydrate found in plant structures |
Protein | an organic compound that is a polymer of amino acids |
Amino acid | one of 20 kinds of organic compounds that are the monomers of proteins |
Lipid | an energy-rich polymer made of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen; examples: fats, oils, waxes, and cholesterol |
Fatty acid | an organic compound that is a monomer of a fat or oil |
Cholesterol | a waxy lipid found in all animal cells |
Nucleic acid | a very large organic compound made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorous. Examples: DNA and RNA |
DNA | Deoxyribro Nucleic Acid |
RNA | Ribo Nucleic Acid |
Nucleotide | an organic that is one of the monomers of nucleic acids |
Vitamin | an organic compound that serves as a helper molecule in a variety of chemical reactions in the body |
Mineral | a simple element needed by the body, that is not orgainic |