political boundaries on Earth's surface are determined by the use of man
Boundary Demarcation
there are no physical signs on Earth's surface to show that a boundary exists, i.e., Saudi Arabia/Omen.
Boundary Dispute
when two or more states disagree about the demarcation of a political boundary.
Compact State
the distance from the geographic center of the area to any point on the boundary does not vary greatly, i.e., Hungary.
Elongated State
state that is geographically long and narrow, i.e., Chile.
Enclave
portion of a state that is totally surrounded by another state, i.e., Armenian Nagorno
Exclave
small portion of land that is separated from the main state, i.e., Kaliningrad/Russia.
Fragmented State
state split into many pieces, i.e., Philippines and Indonesia.
Landlocked State
state not having direct access to an ocean, i.e., Bolivia.
Perforated State
state that totally surrounds another state, i.e., Lesotho/South Africa.
Prorupt State
state having a portion of territory that is elongated, i.e., Thailand.
Microstate
state that is extremely small, i.e., San Marine.
Nation
State
Subsoil
below the surface of Earth. Boundaries are vertical planes, not merely lines on a map.
Frontier
zone where no state exercises political control, i.e., Antarctica and portions of Saudi Arabia.
Physical Boundary
major physical features such as deserts, mountain ranges, and/or water bodies that serve as a means of separation, i.e., Great Lakes, Pureness Mountains, and Sahara Desert.
Geometric Boundary
straight lines that serve as political boundaries that are unrelated to physical and /or cultural differences, i.e., United States/Canadian border.
Cultural Political Boundary
political boundary that separates different cultures, i.e., former Yugoslavia.
Religious Boundary
boundary that separates different religions, i.e., Northern Ireland/Ireland.
Language Boundary
boundary that separates different language speakers, i.e., traditionally many countries in Europe such as England, France, Spain, and Portugal.
Genetic Boundary
how boundaries evolve over time.
Antecedent Boundary
boundary that was created before the present day cultural landscape developed, i.e., Malaysia/Indonesia on the island of Borneo.
Subsequent Boundary
boundaries that are created as a result of long
Super Imposed Boundary
boundary that has been forced upon the inhabitants of an area to solve a problem and/or conflict, i.e., Indonesia/Papua New Guinea.
Relict Boundary
boundary that ceases to exist, however the imprint of the boundary still remains on the cultural landscape, i.e., North/South Vietnam.
Fortified Boundary
when a state constructs physical barriers along a boundary to either keep people in or out of its territory, i.e., Great Wall of China, Berlin Wall, earth berms along the Morocco/Spanish Sahara border.
Nation
geographic area that is dominated by a large population that shares a common history and culture, i.e., Kurds and Palestinians.
State
political entity that maintains status as an independent country
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