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FSHN 450-2CVD/HTN
Question | Answer |
---|---|
NAFLD and metabolic syndrome are___ for ___ | independent risk factors for CVD |
NAFLD | non alcoholic fatty liver disease; associated w/ insulin resistance, increased TG, reduced HDL-c |
Cardiac ct scan | calcification of hard atherosclerotic plaque shows up white |
Echocardiography | ultrasound procedure for detecting cardiac valve disorders of heart enlargement |
Most blockages occur in which artery? | LAD; left anterior descending artery |
CIT | carotid intimal thickening; thickening of carotid arteries in neck 98% predictive for CAD |
Angina | chest pain from ischemia |
Stable angina | caused by cold temp, exercise, anxiety, or anything that increases cardiac oxygen requirements |
Unstable angina | occurs at rest in absence of precipitating factors (high risk of MI) |
two types of drugs that decrease cardiac O2 demand | Ca channel blockers, beta1 adrenergic receptors |
Grapefruit juice statins | inhibits Cyp3A4 which catabolize statins, so they build up |
Cholestyramine | bile acid sequestrant (to inhibit cholesterol absorption), tastes bad, abdominal pain, fat soluble vitamin deficiencies |
Lovaza | 1000mg EPA capsule 4x/day to help lower TG |
Niacin | liver damage, flushing, itching, tingling |
CABG | coronary artery bypass graft, transplant from femoral vein or internal mammary artery (arteries preferred) |
Physical activity guidelines | 40 mins most days (3-4 times per week) |
Why DASH? | decreases plasma insulin, glucose, renin |
AHA added sugar | <100 kcal/day women, <140 kcal/day men |
Phytosterol/stanol enriched foods | interfere w/ solubilization of mixed micelles in GI, higher expression of ABC transporter (both decrease absorption of cholesterol) |
PVCs | premature ventricular contractions (usually asymptomatic) |
Vtach may be related to | low serum K+ |
Increase CHF pumping ability | dopamine, beta blockers, diuretics (furosemide K+ losing, hydrochlorothiazide K+ sparing) |