click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Nervous System
Nervous System Test
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What are Schwann cells? | Make myelin sheath around large nerves in PNS: act as phagocytes to rid a damaged nerve of deteriorating cell debris |
What are satellite cells? | control chemical environment of neurons |
what are the divisions and subdivisions of the nervous system? | 1a: Central 1b: Peripheral 2a: Sensory (afferent) 2b: Motor (efferent) 3a: Autonomic 3b: Somatic 4a: Sympathetic 4b: Parasympathetic |
what are the 3 types of neurons? | Multipolar: has several dendrites and an axon, most common, major type in CNS Biopolar: has only process-one dendrite and one axon, rare: found only in special sense organs Unipolar: single process, found primarily in PNS |
What are the 2 types of synapses? | Electrical: bridged junction, transmission across the synapse is very fast, found in brain in areas responsible for stereotyped movements, abundant in embryonic nervous tissue Chemical: specialized for release and reception of chemical neurotransmitters |
what are the 3 types of areas into which the cortex can be divided? | Motor, sensory, and association |
what 3 structures make up the diencephalon? | thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus |
what 3 structures make up the brain stem? | Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata |
what are the 3 meninges? | dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater |
what 3 parts make up the blood-brain barrier? | 1. Continuous endothelium of the capillary wall 2. relatively thick basement membrane surrounding the external face of the capillary 3. bulbous "feet" of the astrocytes that cling to the capillaries |
what are the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve? | Opthalmic division, maxillary division, and mandibular division |
what are the 5 divisions of the facial nerve? | temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical (two zebras bit my cow) |
what are the 4 basic tastes? | sweet, sour, salty, and bitter |
what are the 3 layers of the eyeball? | Fibrous tunic, vascular tunic, and sensory tunic |
what are the 2 types of photoreceptors in the retina? what do they detect? | rods-gray tones and cones-color |
what is meningitis? | Inflammation of the meninges |
what is a concussion? | skull hits the brain |
what is encephalitis? | Brain Inflammation |
what is hydrocephalus? | Obstruction in CSF drainage |
what is multiple sclerosis? | Demyelinating disease |
what is the difference between spastic and flaccid paralysis? | Spastic: Results from upper neuron damage; muscles remain healthy, but are no longer under voluntary control Flaccid: results from lower neuron damage; no signal reaches the muscles so they begin to atrophy |
what are the 3 types of paralysis? | Paraplegia, quadriplegia, and hemiplegia |
what is astigmatism? | unequal curves of the lens or cornea |
what is conjunctivitis? | eye becomes red and irritated |
why does motion sickness occur? | mixed signals sent to brain |
what are the 3 primary brain vesicles? | Prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon |
what are the 5 secondary brain vesicles? what do they form? | Telencephalon (cerebral hemispheres), diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus), mesencephalon (midbrain), metencephalon (pons and cerebellum), and myelencephalon (medulla oblongata) |
what are the 5 types of spinal nerves and how many of each type exist? | cervical-8, thoracic-12, lumbar-5, saccral-5, and coccygeal-1 |
how do tears flow through the lacrimal apparatus? | lacrimal gland, tears, drain into the lacrimal canal, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct |
what are the 6 extrinsic eye muscles? Their actions? Nerve innervations? | Superior rectus (Superiorly, CNIII), inferior rectus (Inferiorly, CNIII), medial rectus (Medially, CNIII), Lateral rectus (Laterally, CNVI), superior oblique (Down and laterally CNIV), inferior oblique (Up and laterally, CNIII) |
what are the 4 types of neuroglia? | Astrocytes, microglia, cpendymal, and oligodendrocytes |
what is the function of astrocytes? | star-shaped cells that make up 1/2 of neural tissue volume, help to attach neurons to blood vessels, control ionic environment around neurons |
what is the function of microglia? | protect CNS against invading organisms |
what is the function of cpendymal? | line cavities of brain/spinal cord, makes CSF, have cilia to move CSF |
what is the function of oligodendrocytes? | makes the myelin sheaths in CNS |