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AP European History

Important European terms for AP Test

TermDefinition / CausesEffectsDate
Joe Is a wiener
Italian Renaissance A "rebirth" of Europe / Brought by the fall of Constantinople and the movement of its scholars to Italy becuase of its enormous wealth. Ended the "Dark Ages" or Middle Ages and introduced a new modern world. Introduced a new conception of humans - Individualism 1450 - 1550
Northern Renaissance The Renaissance that was experienced by central and northern Europe (Germany, France, Switzerland, the Low Contires, and England) Was more religious than Italian Renaissance and based on religious works 1450 - 1550
Secularism A belief that life was more than a preparation for the afterlife Lessened the influence of church/religion Appeared during Renaissance
Hundred Years' War War between England and France Monarchy of France was strengthened (war needed the centralization of power to the monarchy), Middle class grew and became richer, Nobles lost power 1337 - 1453
Simony Sale of church offices / Church needed a quick and easy way to raise money Corrupted the Roman Catholic church, was a major point in the Protestant Reformation Before Council of Trent (1545)
Black Death Bubonic Plague spread around the world from ships carrying the disease Killed a lot of people 1347-1352
Movable type (blank) (blank) 1440
Jesuits Society of Jesus, a missionary order of the RCC / Needed a way to battle the work of Protestants Helped the counter-reformation by suprresing Protestantism and Missionary work Founded 1540 by Ignatius Loyola
Huguenots French Calvinists - Made up of 10% of the French population and were extremely oppressed 1540's
Presbyterians Scottish Calvinists (blank) (blank)
Puritans English Calvinists (blank) (blank)
Calvinism Protestant religion based on predestination Created a religious rift in Christendom 1540's
Predestination Religious thought - Salvation has already been decided (Nothing can change it) (blank) (blank)
Christendom An idea of a unified Europe under a religious banner (The Roman Catholic Church) Allowed the pope extreme amounts of power during the Crusades - Never revived after Protestant Reformation (blank)
Protestant Reform MArtin Luther nails 95 thesis to church door at Wittenburg Protestant Church separated from Roman Catholic Church 1517
Nicolaus Copernicus Invented Heliocentrism Started a major movement - The Enlightenment 1543
Gregorian Calendar Reform Month of October is 10 days short Confusion 1582
Defeat of Spanish Armada (blank) (blank) 1582
Heliocentrism The sun is the center of the Universe (not Earth) (blank) (blank)
Mysticism Belief that an individual, alone, unaided by church or sacraments, could commune with God Created a new order within the RCC to pursue a more religious depth (blank)
Thirty Years War dont know Germany is destryoed (loses 1/3 of its population and stops being a major power) Age of religious wars ends and a new modern age of sovereign states begins in Europe. ("Balance of Power" politics becomes a major focuspoint of Europe) 1618-1648
First automatic calculator invented by Blaise Pascal (blank) 1642
Mt Etna Erupts in Sicily (blank) kills 20,000 1669
Industrial Revolution Discovery of alien technology results in invention of steam power Makes England very powerful and polluted and results in the English having bad dental care 1780 - 1830
Diet of Worms A tribunal of the Holy Roman Empire to interrogate Martin Luther and to make his stop the spread of the Protestant Reformation Outlawed Martin Luther, where he was given protenction by Fredrick the Wise in Wittenberg. There he created his new church and translated the Bible into German 1521
Diet of Speyer Refused to recognize the right of the German princes to determine the religion of thier subjects Created more tension between the Holy Roman Emperor (Catholic Charles V) and his subjects (Protesant/Catholic German princes) 1529
The First Estate Consisted of the clergy - 1% of the population that owned 20% of the land (Exempt from taxes) (blank) Pre French Revolution (1789)
The Second Estate Consisted of the nobles - 2-4% of the population that owned 20% of the land (Except from taxes) (blank) Pre French Revolution (1789)
The Third Estate Consisted of the middle class, urban artisans, and peasants - 95% of the population that were taxed heavily (blank) Pre French Revolution (1789)
Moderate Stage of the French Revolution (blank) (blank) 1789 - 1792
Radical Stage of the French Revolution (blank) (blank) 1792 - 1795
Reactionary Stage of the French Revolution (blank) (blank) 1795 - 1799
Created by: Gazetter
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