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AP European History
Important European terms for AP Test
Term | Definition / Causes | Effects | Date |
---|---|---|---|
Joe | Is a wiener | ||
Italian Renaissance | A "rebirth" of Europe / Brought by the fall of Constantinople and the movement of its scholars to Italy becuase of its enormous wealth. | Ended the "Dark Ages" or Middle Ages and introduced a new modern world. Introduced a new conception of humans - Individualism | 1450 - 1550 |
Northern Renaissance | The Renaissance that was experienced by central and northern Europe (Germany, France, Switzerland, the Low Contires, and England) | Was more religious than Italian Renaissance and based on religious works | 1450 - 1550 |
Secularism | A belief that life was more than a preparation for the afterlife | Lessened the influence of church/religion | Appeared during Renaissance |
Hundred Years' War | War between England and France | Monarchy of France was strengthened (war needed the centralization of power to the monarchy), Middle class grew and became richer, Nobles lost power | 1337 - 1453 |
Simony | Sale of church offices / Church needed a quick and easy way to raise money | Corrupted the Roman Catholic church, was a major point in the Protestant Reformation | Before Council of Trent (1545) |
Black Death | Bubonic Plague spread around the world from ships carrying the disease | Killed a lot of people | 1347-1352 |
Movable type | (blank) | (blank) | 1440 |
Jesuits | Society of Jesus, a missionary order of the RCC / Needed a way to battle the work of Protestants | Helped the counter-reformation by suprresing Protestantism and Missionary work | Founded 1540 by Ignatius Loyola |
Huguenots | French Calvinists - Made up of 10% of the French population and were extremely oppressed | 1540's | |
Presbyterians | Scottish Calvinists | (blank) | (blank) |
Puritans | English Calvinists | (blank) | (blank) |
Calvinism | Protestant religion based on predestination | Created a religious rift in Christendom | 1540's |
Predestination | Religious thought - Salvation has already been decided (Nothing can change it) | (blank) | (blank) |
Christendom | An idea of a unified Europe under a religious banner (The Roman Catholic Church) | Allowed the pope extreme amounts of power during the Crusades - Never revived after Protestant Reformation | (blank) |
Protestant Reform | MArtin Luther nails 95 thesis to church door at Wittenburg | Protestant Church separated from Roman Catholic Church | 1517 |
Nicolaus Copernicus | Invented Heliocentrism | Started a major movement - The Enlightenment | 1543 |
Gregorian Calendar Reform | Month of October is 10 days short | Confusion | 1582 |
Defeat of Spanish Armada | (blank) | (blank) | 1582 |
Heliocentrism | The sun is the center of the Universe (not Earth) | (blank) | (blank) |
Mysticism | Belief that an individual, alone, unaided by church or sacraments, could commune with God | Created a new order within the RCC to pursue a more religious depth | (blank) |
Thirty Years War | dont know | Germany is destryoed (loses 1/3 of its population and stops being a major power) Age of religious wars ends and a new modern age of sovereign states begins in Europe. ("Balance of Power" politics becomes a major focuspoint of Europe) | 1618-1648 |
First automatic calculator | invented by Blaise Pascal | (blank) | 1642 |
Mt Etna Erupts in Sicily | (blank) | kills 20,000 | 1669 |
Industrial Revolution | Discovery of alien technology results in invention of steam power | Makes England very powerful and polluted and results in the English having bad dental care | 1780 - 1830 |
Diet of Worms | A tribunal of the Holy Roman Empire to interrogate Martin Luther and to make his stop the spread of the Protestant Reformation | Outlawed Martin Luther, where he was given protenction by Fredrick the Wise in Wittenberg. There he created his new church and translated the Bible into German | 1521 |
Diet of Speyer | Refused to recognize the right of the German princes to determine the religion of thier subjects | Created more tension between the Holy Roman Emperor (Catholic Charles V) and his subjects (Protesant/Catholic German princes) | 1529 |
The First Estate | Consisted of the clergy - 1% of the population that owned 20% of the land (Exempt from taxes) | (blank) | Pre French Revolution (1789) |
The Second Estate | Consisted of the nobles - 2-4% of the population that owned 20% of the land (Except from taxes) | (blank) | Pre French Revolution (1789) |
The Third Estate | Consisted of the middle class, urban artisans, and peasants - 95% of the population that were taxed heavily | (blank) | Pre French Revolution (1789) |
Moderate Stage of the French Revolution | (blank) | (blank) | 1789 - 1792 |
Radical Stage of the French Revolution | (blank) | (blank) | 1792 - 1795 |
Reactionary Stage of the French Revolution | (blank) | (blank) | 1795 - 1799 |