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Block 4

Genital System

QuestionAnswer
What is the key to sexual dimorphism? Y chromosome (SRY gene is the master gene that influences male development)
Gonads do not acquire male or female characteristics until when? 7th week
Germ cells arrive in the gonadal ridges when? 6th week
if the embryo is genetically male, the primitive sex cords continue to proliferate and penetrate deep into the medulla forming what? Testis/medullary cords
Near the hilum, the medullary cords break up into thin stands that become what? Rete testis
What is the dense layer of connective tissue that separates the medullary cords from the surface epithelium? Tunica albuginea
In the 4th month the testis cords become horseshoe-shaped. The ends of the cord are continuous with what? Rete testis
What influences differentiation of the genital ducts and external genitalia? Testosterone
Testis cords are solid until puberty when they develop a lumen and become what? Seminiferous tubules
The seminiferous tubules connect to what? Rete testis
The rete testis connects to what? Ductuli efferentes
Ductuli are derived from what? Remaining excretory tubules of the mesonephros
The ductuli efferentes connects to what? Wolffian duct (becomes the epididymis)
At the distal end of the ductus deferens develops an outpouching that becomes what? Seminal vesicle
Where do the ducts of the male terminate? Prostatic urethra
In the ovary the surface epithelium continues to proliferate forming cords called what? Cortical cords
In females, longitudinal invagination of epithelium on the urogenital ridge forms what structure? Paramesonephric (Mullerian) ducts
When the two paramesonephric (Mullerian) ducts fuse they form what structure? Uterine canal
The caudal tip of the fused paramesonephric (Mullerian) ducts projects into the posterior wall of the urogenital sinus forming what? Paramesonephric (Mullerian) tubercle
The paramesonephric ducts give rise to what structures? Uterine tubes, uterus, and superior portion of the vagina
The upper part of the vagina is originated from what? Paramesonephric ducts
The lower part of the vagina is originated from what? Urogenital sinus
The lumen of the vagina is separated from the urogenital sinus by a thin plate of tissue called what? The hymen
Slightly elevated folds that form around the cloaca by cells that migrate from the primitive streak are called what? Cloacal folds
Cranial to the cloacal membrane the cloacal folds unite to form what? Genital tubercle
Caudally the cloacal folds subdivide into the what to folds? Urethral folds (anteriorly) and anal folds (posteriorly)
Lateral to the urethral folds, another pair of elevations form called what? Genital swellings
In males the genital swellings become what? Scrotum
In females the genital swellings become what? Labia majora
The rapid elongation of the genital tubercle is called what? Phallus
The phallus pulls the urethral folds forward forming what? Urethral groove
The epithelial lining of the urethral groove forms what? Urethral plate
At the end of the third month, the urethral folds close over forming what? Penile urethra
Hoe is the distal portion of the urethra formed? Ectodermal cells from the tip of the glans penetrate inward to form a short cord that forms a lumen that connects to the penile urethra.
The scrotal swellings arise in what region? Inguinal region
A defect that exposes the urethra on the ventral surface of the penis is known as what? Hyppspadia
Extrophy of the bladder is called what? Epispadia
Genital tubercle elongates forming what? Clitoris
The urethral folds do not fuse in females, instead they form what? Labia minora
The urogenital groove in females stay open forming what? Vestibule
The testes reach the inguinal region by when? 12th week
When do the testes migrate through the inguinal canal? 28 weeks
When do the testes reach the scrotum? 33 weeks
Cryptoorchidism is associated with what? Renal abnormalities
Ovaries descend to where? Just below the rim of the true pelvis (lie posterior to the broad ligament)
Created by: shuckybean
 



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