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5th-Human Body
Vocabulary Practice
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Characteristics | Qualities of an organism |
Inherited | Characteristics from parents |
Likeness | Similar or nearly the same |
Organism | an individual living system |
Traits | Distinguishing characteristics |
Generation | a group of individuals born and living at the same time, such as siblings |
Parents | animals (including humans) or plants that produce offspring |
DNA | material in life forms that transfer genetic characteristics from parents to offspring |
Ball and socket joint | joint that allows twisting and turning; example, hip joint |
Bones | forms the substance of a skeleton; support the body |
Cartilage | flexible connective tissue |
Cranium | skull |
Femur | longest, largest and strongest bone in the human body; located in the upper leg |
Fracture | to break or crack |
Framework | support, i.e. skeleton |
Gliding joint | joint that allows flat bones to slide over each other; example: foot, wrist |
Hinge joint | joint that allows movement in a certain spot, like the opening and closing of a door; example: elbow, knee, ankle |
Humerus | long bone in arm extending from the shoulder to the elbow |
Immovable | not able to be moved |
Joints | place where two bones are joined or united to allow motion |
Mandible | jaw bone |
Patella | flat moveable bone in the front of the knee; also known as the knee bone |
Pelvis | funnel-shaped part of the skeleton supporting lower limbs |
Phalanges | bones that make up the fingers |
Radius | bone of the forearm on the thumb side |
Ribs | bone that support and protect organs such as the heart and lungs |
Scapula | shoulder blade |
Skeleton | framework of 206 bones that supports the human body |
Skull | head bone that protects the brain; also known as the cranium |
Spine | backbone |
Sternum | breastbone |
Tarsals | bones in the feet |
Tibia | shinbone; located in the lower leg |
Torso | upper part of the body |
Ulna | bone of the forearm, located on the side opposite of the thumb |
Vertebrae | bones in the spine or backbone |
Bicep | muscle at the front of the upper arm |
Cardiac Muscle | heart muscle |
Contract | draw together |
Endurance | ability or strength to continue or last without becoming tired |
Exertion | activity of using muscles in various ways to keep fit |
Extend | to increase in length |
Flex | to bend |
Involuntary | muscle controlled without thinking about it, i.e. pumping heart |
Ligaments | tissues that connect bones, hold organs in place |
Muscles | tissues that cause motion in the body when contracted |
Atrophy | to waste away or decrease in size |
Musculoskeletal | the muscular and skeletal systems |
Resistance | exercise that involves working your muscles against free weights or your body's own weight (running, walking, push ups) |
Skeletal Muscle | muscle connected at either end with a bone |
Smooth Muscle | found in the walls of internal organs, blood vessels, hair folloes |
Tendons | connect muscle to bone |
Tricep | Muscle located at the back of the upper arm |
Voluntary | muscle whose action is controlled by the person; example: lifting an arm |
Cell | the basic unit of life |
Multicellular | composed of many cells |
Unicellular | single-celled; composed of one cell |
Tissue | similar cells with a specific function |
Organ | a part of a system that consists of cells and tissues and is specialized to do a particular task |
Direct Evidence | evidence you collect yourself |
Indirect Evidence | evidence you do not collect yourself, but rely on evidence collected by others |
Fitness | state of being healthy |
Autonomic Nervous System | system of nerves which control involuntary functions |
Axon | part of a neuron that takes information away from a cell |
Brain | controls mental and physical actions; located in the cranium (skull) |
Brain Stem | part of the brain near the spinal cord; controls reflexes, breathing, and heartbeat |
Cerebellum | large portion of the brain which controls voluntary motions |
Cerebrum | Largest part of the brain which controls |
Dendrites | part of a neuron that brings information to a cell |
Nerves | bundle of fibers that carry impulses from the brain to other parts of the body |
Neurons | specialized, impulse-conducting cells which are composed of a cell body, axon, and dendrits |
Peripheral Nervous System | lies outside the brain and spinal cord and includes nerves to arms, legs, and sense organs |
Relay | to transmit a signal |
Spinal Cord | cord of nerve tissue extending through the spinal column and protected by the vertebrae of the spine/backbone |
Spinal Nerve | nerves that start in the spinal cord |
Stimuli | something that causes an action; example--stimulus: hot stove, response: moving hand away from hot stove |
Synapse | place where nerve messages are sent and received |
Blood | circulates in body to sustain life |
Cholesterol | waxy substance found in animal tissue; too much can lead to heart disease |
Red Blood Cells | carry oxygen throughout the body |
White Blood Cells | fight off infections and diseases |
Platelets | smallest blood cells which form clots if you have an injury such as a cut or scrape |
Plasma | the watery part of blood that contains protein and suspends blood cells |
Aerobic Exercise | exercise that increases the need for oxygen |
Anaerobic Exercise | exercise that builds muscles through tension |
Aorta | major artery which circulates blood from the heart to all of the body except the lungs |
Arteries | blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart |
Atrium | two upper chambers on each side of the heart, receives blood from veins and forces it into ventricles |
Blood Vessels | any of the tubing (arteries, veins, capillaries) through which blood travels and circulates the body |
Capillaries | smallest of blood vessels |
Cardiac | relating to the heart |
Circulation | flowing (such as the flow of blood throughout the body) |
Heart | an organ consisting of 4 chambers; contracts to pump blood throughout the body |
Heart Rate | number of beats counted in one minute |
Pulmonary Artery | transports blood away from the heart to the lungs |
Pulse | regular throbbing of arteries cause by heart contractions; pulse can often be detected near the wrists or the sides of the neck |
Veins | blood vessels that carry blood to the heart |
Ventricles | two lower chambers on each side of the heart |
Air Sac | air-filled spaces in the body |
Alveoli | very small air sacs; where air breathed in goes |
Bronchial Tubes | two tubes at the end of the trachea, brings in air from trachea and helps clean lungs; one tube goes to the right lung, the other to the left lung |
Diaphragm | sheet-like muscle separating the chest from the abdominal cavity; creates a change in air pressure to draw air in and expand the lungs |
Exhale | to breathe out |
Inhale | to breathe in |
Larynx | voice box |
Lungs | two respiratory organs located in the chest; they are protected by the rib cage |
Nasal Passages | openings that allow inhaling and exhaling through the nose. Also called Nasal Cavity |
Pharynx | throat; collects incoming air from the nose and passes air to the trachea |
Respiration | inhaling and exhaling air; breathing |
Ribs | bones that protect and support the chest |
Sinuses | hollow spaces in the bones of the head; warm and moisten air that is inhaled |
Trachea | windpipe; passage from pharynx to lungs |