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Ch. 12

Vocabulary

TermDefinition
Core the dense center of the earth made of solid and molten iron and nickel
Mantle the layer of earth that surrounding the core; made of both molten magma and solid rock
Crust the thin,solid,rocky outermost layer of the earth
Differentiation the process of Earth materials separating and sorting by density resulting in a layered structure with the densest material (Fe & Ni) setting in the core
Tectonic Plate a large section of the earth’s crust that moves and carries everything on it
Hotspot a stationary, high temperature area of melting within the earth’s mantle that can last for several millions of years where superheated mantle magma rises towards the surface
Rift Valley a long’ narrow rip or opening, made by the stretching,pulling,or splitting apart of the earth’s crust through which mantle magma reaches the surface adding new crust to the edge of a tectonic plates
Seafloor Spreading he theory that oceans widen (open up) and continents are pushed apart as new crust is formed at mid ocean ridges
Plate tectonic the theory that the earth’s surface is made of large sections of crust that move and interact with each other
Continental Drift the theory that the major landmasses of the earth were once part of one large single super continent that broke apart 200 million years ago
Mid-Ocean Ridge a long, underwater mountain range that is split by a rift valley where mantle magma rises and forms new oceanic crust
Convection current the circular flow of magma within the molten part of the mantle as it heats up and cools down
Seismic Wave a type of vibrating or shaking activity produced by the movement of earth’s tectonic plates
Palaeomagnetism a record of the earth’s magnetic field preserved by the alignment of magnetic minerals in the rock of earth’s crust at the time that the rocks were formed at mid-ocean ridges
Focues the point inside the earth where rock first moves, starting an earthquake
Epicenter the point on the earth’s surface directly over the focus of an earthquake
Richter Scale the scale used to measure the magnitude or strength of an earthquake
Deformation the process of physically changing the earth’s crust as a result of tectonic forces
Deformation the ability of a substance to resist flowing
Viscosity a break or fracture in the earth’s crust caused by tectonic plates
Fault a scientist that studies the behaviors and characteristics of earthquakes
Seismologist the amount of time that passes between the arrival of the first P wave and the first S wave
Lag Time a measure of the amount of energy released during an earthquake
Magnitude the edges of the continents below sea level that represent the shallowest parts of the oceans
Continental Margin an area on the earth’s surface where the edges of tectonic plates are interacting
Plate Boundary the geologic process by which one tectonic plate is forced downward into the mantle under another tectonic plate
Seduction an area of high subduction activity and frequent volcanic eruption surrounding the Pacific Plate
Ring of Fire a renewable energy source that originates from the earth’s own internal heat
Tectonic Forces forces generated from within the earth that result in uplift movement or deformation of the earth’s crust
Volcanic Arc an arcing chain of volcanic island volcanic mountains formed by the subduction of an oceanic plate into the mantle under another tectonic plate
Created by: Jpulido106
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