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Petrol and Octane No
Fuel terms and definitions
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Appearance of crude oil | thick black liquid |
The separating of substances according to their boiling points | Fractional distillation |
The 2 main fractions crude oil is broken into? | Residual and Volatile fractions |
Mercaptans | Sulphur containing compounds added to natural gas to aid detection of leaks |
What does LPG stand for? | Liquefied Petroleum Gas |
What is Naphtha used for? | Used to make plastics |
1 use of Bitumen | Used in tarring roads |
The early explosion of petrol in the cylinder of an engine | Auto-ignition |
Octane Rating = 0 | Heptane |
Octane Rating 100 | 2,2,4 tri methyl pentane |
Octane Number | The Octane Number is the measure of a fuels resistance to cause engine knocking |
Sound caused in a car by auto-ignition | Engine Knocking |
3 factors which increase Octane Number? | Addition of branches, shorter chain, addition of oxygenates |
3 examples of Oxygenates added to fuel | Methanol, Ethanol and MTBE |
What does MTBE stand for? | Methyl tertiary butyl ether |
Isomerisation | Turning straight chains into their isomers, making them shorter and creating more branches |
Catalytic Cracking | Breaking long chain hydrocarbons into shorter chains |
Reforming | Converting straight chain compounds into ring compounds, creating hydrogen as a by-product |
Why is Benzene no longer added to petrol? | Carcinogen |
Why is lead no longer added to petrol? | Poisonous to catalytic converters and the environment. |