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Alkenes and Alkynes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| hydrocarbons that contain a carbon-carbon double bond | Alkenes |
| hydrocarbons that contain a carbon-carbon triple bond | Alkynes |
| alkenes and alkynes are this | unsaturated |
| when two double bonds are present in a compounds | alkadienes |
| double bonds that are right next to one another | Cumulated |
| multiple bonds that alternate with single bonds | conjugated |
| more than one single bond between multiple bonds | nonconjugated |
| rules for naming alkenes and alkynes | IUPAC rules |
| these orbitals lie in a plane and are directed to the corners of an equilateral triangle | sp3- hybridized orbitals |
| the bond formed by lateral p-orbital overlap | pi bond |
| the most common reaction | addition |
| alkenes and reagents are this when only one addition product is possible | symmetric |
| akenes and regents are this when two products are possible | unsymmetric |
| a reaction that gives only one of the two possible regoisomers | regiospecific |
| a reaction that gives mainly one product | regioselective |
| when a unsymmetric reagent adds to an unymmetric alkene, the electropositive part of the reagent bonds to the carbon of the double bond that has the greater number of hydrogen atoms attached to it | Markovnikov's rule |
| electron-poor reagents; seek electrons; positive ions | electrophiles |
| electron rich; form bonds by donating electrons to an electrophile | nucleophiles |
| a positively charged carbon atom bonded to three other atoms | carbocation |
| when the first step in the additions is attack by the electrophile the whole process is what? | electrophile addition reaction |
| is this when three R groups are atatched | tertiary |
| is this when two R groups are attached | secondary |
| is this when one R group is attatched | primary |
| indicates the direction that is favored for a reaction | equilibrium constant |
| a reaction that gives off heat energy | exothermic |
| a reaction that takes in heat energy | endothermic |
| heat energy | enthalpy; H |
| shows the changes in energy that occur in the course of a reaction | reaction energy diagram |
| a structure with maximum energy for a particular reaction step | transition state |
| the difference in energy between reactants and the transitions state | activiation energy |
| activation determines this | reaction rate |
| two factors that affect reaction rates | temperature and catalysts |
| the addition of hydrogen to alkenes in the presence of a catalyst | hydrogenation |
| a large molecule containing a repeating unit derived from small molecules | polymer |
| the process of polymer formation | polymerization |
| half s and half p in character, have an angle of 180 between two sp orbitals | sp-Hybrid orbitals |
| an alcohol with a carbon-carbon double bond on the carbon that bears the hydroxyl group | enol |
Created by:
katielovespens87
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