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BI 311
Genetics
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Autosomal Recessive | Affects both sexes equally; skips generations; when both parents are heterozygotes, 1/4 of offspring will be affected; consanguine marriages |
Autosomal Dominant | Affects both sexes equally; does not skip generations; when one parent's heterozygous and other's homozygous, 1/2 offspring will be affected |
X-Linked Recessive | Affects males more than females; skips generations; heterozygous mother (carrier) affects 1/2 her sons; fathers never pass to sons, but pass to all daughters |
X-Linked Dominant | Affects females more than males; does not skip generations; heterozygous mother passes trait to 1/2 their sons and 1/2 their daughters; fathers pass trait to all their daughters; affected sons will have affected mother |
Y-Linked | Affects males only; does not skip generations; passed from father to all sons |
Silent Mutation | Nucleotide is changed, but amino acid is not |
Missense Mutation | Mutation that changes the amino acid |
Nonsense Mutation | Mutation that changes the amino acid into a stop codon |
Neutral Mutation | Change has no effect on the organism's fitness |
Independent Segregation | Which allele one offspring gets from a parent is random |
Independent Assortment | Alleles at different loci are independent |