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AP World Ch.13 Vocab
The Expansive Realm of Islam
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Bedouin | Nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula; culture based on camel and goat nomadism; early converts to Islam. Muhammad's tribe. |
Muhammad | Prophet of Islam (570-632); born into Quraysh tribe in Mecca; raised by fathers family; received revelations from Allah in 610 C.E. |
Allah | supreme God in strictly monotheistic Islam |
Quaran | written versions of muhammad’s revelations |
Hadith | Traditions of the prophet Muhammad |
Mecca | City located in the mountainous region along the Red Sea in the Arabian peninsula; founded by Umayyad clan of Quarysh; place where the Ka'ba is located |
Medina | Also known as Yathrib; town located northeast of Mecca; grew date palms whose fruit was sold to bedouins. Where Muhammed fled after he was kicked out of Mecca. |
Ka'ba | Most revered religious shrine in pre-Islamic Arabia; located in Mecca; focus of obligatory annual truce among bedouin tribes; later incorporated as important shrine in Islam |
Hijra | Muhamid’s move to midna from mecca |
Umma | Community of the faithful within Islam; transcended old tribal boundaries to create a degree of political unity. |
Seal of the Prophets | The fact that muhamid is the last prophet and after that it is sealed |
The 5 pillars of islam | 1. There is only one god, Allah 2. You must pray five times a day facing Mecca 3. You must pay the government Zakat 4. You must fast for Ramadan 5. You must make a Pilgrimage to Mecca sometime during your life. |
Jihad | Islamic holy war |
Sharia | General behavior law on way of life |
Caliph | The political and religious successor of Muhammed |
Umayyad Dynasty | made by prominent meccan merchant clans and centralized government |
Shia | new sect of islam after they wanted ali but got abu bakr as caliph made new traditions |
Sunni | Political and theological division within Islam. Followers of the Umayyads. |
Jizya | Head tax paid by all non believers in Islamic territories. |
People of the Book | Dhimmis applied as an inclusive term to Jews and Christians in Islamic territories. |
Abbasid Dynasty | cosmopolitan shared power with local governments |
Dar-al Islam | nation of islam territory where islam is ruling |
Banghadad | Round city new capital 3 walls more cosmopolitan |
Ulama and Quadis | People with religious knowledge and judges |
Hemispheric Trading Zone | Trading network used by the Islamic people to trade goods and spread their religion |
Camel Saddle and Caravans | Ways of desert travel |
Al-Andalus | Islamic Spain |
Khadija | Muhhamad's first wife |
Madrasas | Institution of higher education |
Suifs | Sought a mystical, ecstatic union with Allah. Passionate singing, spirited dancing medicant -beggar |
Medicant | Begger; someone who asks for something for religious purposes |
Hajj | tool to spread islam, pilgrimage to mecca |
Arabic Numbers | decimal system of numerals 1 through 9 created by Gupta Empire and diffused to the Arabs |
Scholasticism | a philosophical and theological system, associated with Thomas Aquinas, devised to reconcile Aristotelian philosophy and Roman Catholic theology in 13th century |
"Arabian Night" and " A Thousand and One Nights" | Stories of persian influence |