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Nervous System Pt. 2
Cause and Effect
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What are the causes of seizures? | •Alcohol or drug withdrawal •High fever •Stroke •Hyponatremia |
Which patient's disease state require the drug therapy to be individualized? | seizure patients |
Seizure medications may take a _____ to see the results. | month |
What is Monotherapy? | one drug is tried first, and other agents may be added to control seizure activity |
Gabapentin is used to treat what other conditions? | nerve pain related to diabetic neuropathy, nerve pain, and shingles. |
Many antiepileptic drugs can cause ______,______ and ______? | drowsiness, dizziness mental confusion |
Because many antiepileptic drugs are dose-dependent __________ must be monitored. | blood levels |
Dulling effect on the ability to think is a side effect of | antiepileptic drugs |
A severe and sometimes fatal rash caused by a side effect of antiepileptic drugs | Stevens-Johnson syndrome |
Antiepileptic drugs can cause blood abnormalities,_______ are taken periodically to check for abnormalities in blood cells. | blood tests |
Gingival hyperplasia, which is an overgrowth of gum tissue in the mouth is a side effect of? | Phenytoin |
Anticonvulsants classified as pregnancy category ___ are harmful to a developing fetus if taken while the patient is pregnant | D |
Abrupt withdrawal of AEDs should always be avoided, because sudden discontinuation may trigger _______ | seizures |
Patients allergic to sulfa antibiotics should not take_______ | Zonisamide |
Phenytoin is highly bound to _______in the bloodstream, and it interacts with many other meds that are also bound to _________. | protein |
____________can adhere to nasogastric tubing, it must be mixed well with normal saline and separated by two hours from feedings given through the same tube. | Phenytoin |
Valproate and valproic acid tablets should be swallowed whole, not _____or _______. | crushed or chewed |
Valproate and valproic acid tablets should not be taken with ______ or ________ | aspirin or carbonate beverages |
What form of carbamazepine works as an osmotic pump and leaves an empty pill casing in the stool | Extended-release |
Extended-release form of carbamazepine works best when taken with a ______ meal | fatty |
________ works best when taken with food. | Ethosuximide |
Barbiturates and primidone are ________ _________, patients can develop tolerance and dependence, and they may need more drug to get the same effects. | controlled substances |
Topiramate and zonisamide can cause _______ ________, patients should drink plenty of fluids to avoid this effect. | kidney stones |
What drugs cause Parkinson’s Disease–type symptoms? | •Antipsychotic agents •Metoclopramide •Phenothiazine antiemetics •Pimozide •Amoxapine •Lithium •Serotonin reuptake inhibitors |
__________ is usually given in combination with levodopa because it slows the breakdown of levodopa before it reaches the CNS, allowing more of it to enter. | Carbidopa |
What are the side effects of levodopa? | •Nausea and dyskinesias •Dizziness •Constipation •Insomnia •Daytime sleepiness •Mood elevations |
What side effect causes abnormal, involuntary writhing movements of the arms, legs, neck, and mouth | Dyskinesias |
Dyskinesias side effects can occur over__ to __ minutes after taking a dose of levodopa | 60 to 90 |
Daytime sleepiness and sleep attacks may impair a patient’s ability to ______ or participate in daily activities. | drive |
Apomorphine should not be taken along with ______ agents such as ondansetron, granisetron, or alosteron. | antiemetic |
_________and __________ are used topically in the nose as decongestants to reduce sinus swelling during respiratory infections | Ephedrine and phenylephrine |
What are the side effects of adrenergic agonists? | •Headache •Excitability •Fast heart rate •Restlessness •Insomnia |
Pharmacy technicians should be aware that IV forms of epinephrine are mixed in ______ _______ , not normal saline | dextrose solution |
Epinephrine should be injected into the ______, not the _______ | thigh,buttocks |
The epinephrine autoinjector contains only ___ dose, so a refill will be needed once it is used. | one |
When dispensing epinephrine, patients or caregivers should be alerted of the? | expiration date |
What are the effects of anticholinergic drugs? | dry mouth dry eyes constipation urinary retention increase in blood pressure |
Patients with urinary difficulty or bowel problems should not use drugs with ________ side effects. | anticholinergic |
_______ pain medications are drugs that cause significant anticholinergic side effects-constipation and dry mouth, respectively. | Opiod |