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Chapter 18 Test
Hon World History
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Edict of Nantes | issued by Henry the IV in 1598 it recognized Catholicism as the official religion of France and protected the rights of Huguenots to worship I areas where they were a majority |
What was the causes of the 30 Years War? | Catholics vs Protestant Catholic-Ferdinand Holy Roman emperor and tried to force Catholicism in Czech Republic Hapsburgs wanted to unify German states & absolute rulers France does not want a unify Germany |
What was the effect of the 30 Years War? | Treaty of Westphalia which ended the war |
What is the Treat of Westphalia? | Treaty of Westphalia ended the war it said Germany will be divided into 300 states & Princes can be Calvinist |
Divine Right | the right that the kings power came from God |
What is Balance of Power? | o To keep one country from getting to powerful that the other o Queen Elizabeth tried to keep Spain and France from becoming too powerful and maintain the balance of power |
James I | o Believed in Divine Right o quarreled with Puritans in Parliament who wanted to make the Church more Protestant |
Charles I | o Son of James I o Believed in Divine Right o Signed Petition of Rights o Persecuted Puritans o Abused his power and caused the English Civil War |
What was the Petition of Rights? | put limits on the king’s power, preventing him from (a) taxing without Parliament, (b) imprisoning people without cause, (c) quartering troops in private homes, and (d) instituting martial law |
Oliver Cromwell | o Led the New Model Army o Defeated the kings forces and got rid of all supporters that did not agree with him o Parliament abolished monarchy and established a commonwealth o Got rid of parliament&established a military dictatorship |
What was the new-found Parliament that Oliver Cromwell made called? | This was called rump parliament Had Charles I executed in 1649 |
What did the New Model Army consist of? | included extreme Puritans called Independents that thought they were doing battle for God |
Charles II | o King during restoration o Suspended laws Parliament had passed against Catholic and Puritans o Died brother James II became King |
James II | o King during restoration o Devout Catholic&named Catholics to high positions in the government o Wife gave birth to a son&Parliament took steps to remove him from power o When William & Mary (daughter) invaded Europe he and family fled to France |
William and Mary | o English nobles invited William of Orange & wife Mary (James II daughter) to invade England o Parliament offered the throne to William and Mary as long as they signed the Bill of Rights they did (it put limit on their power) |
English Civil War | o Began between Cavaliers (supporters of Charles I) or Roundheads (supporters of Parliament) o Oliver Cromwell became in power in New Model Army o Parliament was reduced to rump Parliament then no Parliament at all o Cromwell established a dictatorship |
Restoration | o Cromwell died & Parliament was restored to a monarchy under Charles II o Parliament kept power it won & right to approve taxes o Parliament passed the Test act which allowed Anglicans to hold office o Charles II died & his bro James II became king |
Glorious Revolution | -Nobles told William&Mary to invade England-James II fled to France-Parliament offered the throne to William&Mary signed the Bill of Rights-Toleration Act |
What was the Toleration Act? | granted Puritans (not Catholics) the right to worship |
Why was England not a democracy? | England was not a democracy because they had only few qualified voters |
Hapsburg Empire | wanted to unify German states to make an absolute ruler |
Thomas Hobbes | o Wrote Leviathan o People were evil&selfish o Believed life without gov. would be nasty,brutish,&short o Best form of gov. would be an absolute monarchy the people gave up all rights including the right to rebel o The rulers above the law o Divine Right |
John Locke | o People could learn from experience&improve themselves o State of nature people would be cooperative&reasonable o Influenced Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson |
What did John Locke write? | Two Treaties on Government |
In John Locke opinion where did the government's power comes from? | Gov. power was from consent of the governed (the people) |
What was the best form of government in Locke's opinion? What did this government consist of? | Best form of gov. limited monarchy protected people's natural rights (life, liberty, & property) gov. did not guarantee these rights people had a right to rebel |
English Bill of Rights | o Sign by Will&Mary o Parliament right to make laws&levy taxes o Parliament had to approve the kings raising of an army o Citizens had right to bear arms&jury by trial o Created a system of gov. based on the rule of the law&freely elected Parliament |
After William and Mary signed the English Bill of Rights, what kind of government England became? | -England became a constitutional monarchy with limited power over time (Parliament increased its power) |
What is Absolutism? | A form of government where the ruler holds total power |
What can an absolutism monarch control? | _legislative (makes laws)_ , _executive (enforces laws, and judicial (interprets laws)_ functions of government & control laws, taxes, justice, foreign policy, and the appointment of officials |