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Ch. 10 World Civ
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Minoan society | Built palaces Center of commerce Phoenecian boats Established colonies |
Linear A | Minoan script used for records of trade |
Knossos | Minoan palace where rulers lived and taxes were collected |
Thera | The volcano whose eruption weakened Minoan society |
Mycenaean society | Started with Indo-Europeans trading with Minoans Built palaces which attracted communities Overtook Minoans Established settlements |
Linear B | Mycenaean script developed from Linear A |
Trojan war | Between Trojans and Mycenaeans, about trade Left Greece in state of chaos |
Poleis | Brought back political order Started as places of refuce Grew into commercial centers Developed independently |
Tyrants | Rulers who gained power by irregular means |
Peloponnesus | Southern part of Greek peninsula |
Sparta | City state Focused on military power to discourage helot rebellion Austere lifestyles Distinction by military talent Children trained for military from youth |
Helot | People conquered by Spartans Not slaves but not free Caused threat of rebellion |
Athens | Democratic government Trade increased, aristocrats controlled government and increased land holdings, less wealthy sold plots, many people were unhappy with society Democratic reformers came |
Solon | Created compromise between Athenian aristocrats and all else Aristocrats kept land but debts lessened and debt slavery abolished Representation provided to commoners by making assembly open to everyone, government people were payed salaries |
Pericles | Popular Athenian leader Employed people through building programs Athenians became more sophisticated |
Persian war | Greek cities on Ionian coast revolted against Persian rule Peninsular Greece sent help to Ionians Darius fought peninsular Greece Xerxes tried to get revenge and failed |
Battle of Marathon | Greeks vs. Darius Greek victory |
Delian League | Military allegiance against Greek threat Athens became leader due to best military fleet and people resented paying tax to benefit Athens |
Peloponnesian War | Between Sparta and Athens Spartans won Power shifted from city state to city state |
Thucydides | Wrote about bad things done by Athens following Peloponnesian War Athens lost good reputation |
Philip of Macedon | Brought post-Peloponnesian War Greece under control Built powerful military Took advantage of feuding cities to conquer |
Alexander of Macedon | Took control of Persia, Egypt and northern India After death Hellenistic Empires divided his conquered land |
Antigonid Empire | Greece and Macedon Tension with Greeks, had to strike bargains More trade, economy flourished |
Ptolematic Empire | Egypt The wealthiest Helenistic empire Didn't change society of Egypt but organized economy |
Alexandria | Ptolematic trade and cultural capital |
Selucid Empire | From Bactria to Anatolia (Persia) Greek and Macedonian colonists joined cities Created Mediterranean-style society Bactria withdrew and made Greek-style kingdom |
Economic partnerships | Between merchants, shipowners, bankers |
Panhellenic festivals | Unification of Greece, sense of collective identity Included Olympics |
Sappho | Female lesbian poet |
Slavery | Mobilized labor Some bought freedom |
Pasion | Slave who bought freedom |