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Antimicrobials
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Classes of Antimicrobials to treat Mycoplasma | Tetracyclines, Macrolides, Quinolones |
Classes of Antimicrobials to treat Pseudomonas | Extended spectrum Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Polymyxins |
Classes of Antimicrobials to treat Protozoan | Tetracyclines, Sulfonamides, Diaminopyrimidines, Nitrofurans |
Antibiotics that actions are reduced in an acidic environment | Penicillin, Aminoglycosides, Macrolides |
Antibiotics that actions are reduced by Di- & trivalent cations | Fluoroquinolones, Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines |
Antibiotics that actions can be reduced by certain foods | Tetracycline, Lincosamide |
Antibiotics that actions are reduced in aerobic conditions | Metronidazole |
Antibiotics that actions are reduced in anaerobic conditions | Aminoglycosides |
Widest spectrum antibiotic | Imipenem |
The group Beta-Lactam is comprised of: | Penicillins, Cephalosporins, B-lactamase inhibitors, Monobactams, Carbapenems |
Basic Penicillins include: | Penicillin G, Penicillin V |
The spectrum of action for Basic (Regular) Penecillins is: | Gram + (aerobic, anaerobic), + Pasteruella |
Aminopenicillins include: | Amoxicillin, Ampicillin |
The spectrum of action for Aminopenicillins is: | Gram + (aerobic, anaerobic), + Pasteruella, & other Gram- |
The group Beta-lactamase resistant Penicillins (antistaphylococcal) includes: | Methicillin, Oxacillin |
The spectrum of action for Beta-lactamase resistant Penicillins is: | Increased Gram+ action w/ B-lactamase, but decreased Gram +, Gram- anaerobic action |
The group Extended spectrum penicillins (anti-pseudomonal) includes: | Ticarcillin, Piperacillin |
The spectrum of action for Extended spectrum penicillins is: | Very good Gram - (aerobic & anaerobic), Includes Pseudomonas & Proteus |
Protein synthesis inhibitors, Macrolides, Linconamides, Tetracyclines, and Phenicoles with the exception of Aminoglycosides all have this these 4 traits in common | Basteriostatic Time-dependent Deep tissue penetration Liver metabolism/ Elimination |
Not accounting for anything else, what antibiotics are good for UTIs? | Aminogycosides B-lactams Nitrofurans |
Not accounting for anything else, what antibiotics are good for treating Mycoplasma? | Tetracycline Macralides Fluroquinoles (variable) |
What antibiotics interfere with minerals? | Fluoroquinolones Tetracyclines Aminogycosides |
What antibiotics are inactivated by acidic environments? | Penicillins Aminoglycosides Macrolides |
What antibiotics have bone marrow toxicity? | Chloramphenicol Rifampin |
What antibiotics do you want to avoid in pregnant animals? | Fluoroquinolones Diaminopyrimidines |
What are two toxic effects of Aminogycosides? | Nephrotoxicity Ototoxicity |
What is the spectrum of action of tetracyclines? | 4 quadrant + protozoa & mycoplasma |
What is the spectrum of action of Macrolides? | Gram+ aerobes and mycoplasma |
How are Macrolides eliminated? | Liver CYP450 inhibitors |
What is the spectrum of action of Lincosamides? | Gram+ anaerobes |
What two classes of drugs do you want to avoid using empirically because they can create resistance to 2 other classes of drugs? | Macrolides Lincosamides |
What are the adverse effects of Lincosamides? | GI upset (severe diarrhea) in herbivores Cardiac depression Peripheral neuromuscular blockage |
What class of drugs can inhibit thyroid function? | Sulfonamides |
What drugs should not be used emperically? | Nitrofurans (Nitrofurantoin) Fluoroquinolones Extended spectrum penicillins Carbapenems (Imipenem) Monobactams (Aztreonam) Glycopetide (Vancomycin) |
What class of drugs should be avoided in pregnant, athletes, juveniles, and seizure patients due to its toxic profile? | Fluoroquinolones |