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Chapter 8 and 10
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Solute | A substance whose particles are dissolved in a solution |
Solvent | A substance in which a solute dissolves |
Dissociation | The separation of ions in an ionic compound as the compound dissolves |
Dispersion | The process of dissolving by breaking into smaller pieces, the process in which white light separates into colors |
Ionization | The process by which neutral molecules gain or lose electrons |
Acid | A compound that produces hydronium ions when dissolved in water; a proton donor |
Indicator | A substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or shape |
Base | A compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water; a proton acceptor |
Neutralization | A chemical reaction between an acid and a base |
Salt | An ionic compound formed when an acid reacts with a base |
pH | A measure of the hydronium ion concentration of a solution |
Buffer | A solution that is resistant to large changes in pH |
Electrolyte | A compound that produces ions when it dissolves |
Radioactivity | The process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles and energy |
Radioisotope | An isotope with an unstable nucleus |
Nuclear Radiation | Charged particles and electromagnetic waves that are emitted from the nuclei of radioisotope |
Alpha Particle | A positively charged particle, emitted by certain radioactive nuclei, made up of two protons and two neutrons; a helium nucleus |
Beta Particle | An electron emitted by an unstable nucleus |
Gamma Ray | A penetrating form of radiation emitted by an unstable nucleus |
Background Radiation | Nuclear radiation that occurs naturally in the environment |
Strong Nuclear Force | The powerful attractive force that binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus |
Fission | A nuclear reaction in which an atomic nucleus is split into two smaller parts |
Chain Reaction | A series of fission reactions triggered by neutrons released during the fission of a nucleus |
Critical Mass | The smallest possible mass of a fissionable material that can sustain a chain reaction |
Fusion | A nuclear reaction in which the nuclei of to atoms combine to form a larger nucleus |
Plasma | A state of matter in which atoms have been stripped of their electrons |