a body of persons appointed by a head of state or a prime minister to head the executive departments of the government and to act as official advisers
2. Calvinism
the theology developed and advanced by John calvin, became foundation of the Reformed church and Presbyterianism, prdestination
3. Camp meetings
an evangelistic gathering held in a tent or outdoors and often lasting several days, Presbyterian and Methodist preachers would use them to stage massive revivals
4. Capital
money, property, or stock employed in trade, manufactures, the sum invested or lent, as distinguished from the income or interest
5. Capital goods
goods, such as machinery, used in the production of commodities; producer goods
6. Capitalism
an economic system in which the means of production and distribution are privately or corporately owned and development is proportionate to the accumulation and reinvestment of profits gained in a free market
7. Caravel
any of several typed of small, light sailing ships, especially one with 2 or 3 masts and lateen sails used by the Spanish and Portuguese in the 15th and 16th centuries
8. Carpetbaggers
Americans traveling light packed their belongings in carpetbags, it was this carpetbag that Northern adventurers brought with them to the South after the Civil War, having little in the way of luggage to slow them down ad they sought political office and
9. Caucus
a meeting of the local members of a political party especially to select delegates to a convention or register preferences for candidates running for office, a closed meeting of party members within a legislative body to decide on questions of policy or l
10. Charter
a document issued by a sovereign, legislature, or other authority, creating a public or private corporation, such as a city, college, or bank, and defining its privileges and purposes.
11. Checks and balances
system whereby each branch of an organization can limit the powers of the other branches. This system was enacted through the Constitution of the United States in order to prevent any of its three branches from dominating the Federal government
12. Chesapeake
Independent city of southeast Virginia founded in 1963 by the merging of South Norfolk and Norfolk County
13. Chivalry
ethics originated chiefly in france and Spain and represented a fusion of Christian and military concepts of morality and still form the basis of gentlemanly conduct
14. Church of England
English national church and the mother church of the Anglican Communion. Christianity was brought to England in the 2nd century, and though nearly destroyed by the Anglo
15. “city on a hill”
invoked by English
16. Civic humanism
a body of ideas about politics which stresses the merits of a sturdy and independent way of life. The modern term for the moral, social, and political philosophy that in the course of the 14th and 15th centuries began to be articulate in Italian city
17. Civil service
those branches of public service that are not legislative, judicial, or military and in which employment is usually based on competitive examination
18. Clan
a traditional social unit in the Scottish Highlands, consisting of a number of families claiming a common ancestor and following the same hereditary chieftain
19. Clear and present danger test
it was an important test for determining whether speech is protected by the First Amendment, first used by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes
20. Closed shop
workplace where only workers who are the members of a particular trade union can be employed
21. Closed shop agreement
a collective bargaining agreement between a trade union and an employer
22. Coffin ships
is the name given to any boat that has been overinsure and is therefore worth more to its owners sunk than afloat. Hazardous places to work in the days before effective maritime safety regulation
23. Cold war
period of international tension between the Soviet bloc countries and the United States
24. Collective bargaining
negotiation between organized workers and their employer(s) to determine wages, hours, and working conditions
25. Collective security
the cooperation of several countries in an alliance to strengthen the security of each
26. Columbian Exchange
upon the arrival of the Europeans to North America in 1492, there began a massive transformation in the global ecosystem resulting from the exchange of flora, fauna, and disease between the Old World and the New, interchange of native life
27. Common law
the system of laws originated and developed in England and based on court decisions, on the doctrines implicit in those decisions, and on customs and usages rather than on codified written laws. Laws made by judges through decisions in specific cases
28. Committee on Public Information
a federal agency establish under president Woodrow Wilson, after U.S. entry into World War I in April 1917, to enforce censorship and to run a propaganda campaign promoting the war
29. Commonwealth
the people of a nation or state, a republic, used to refer to a self
30. Communism
a theoretical economic system characterized by the collective ownership of property and by the organization of labor for the common advantage of all members
31. Commutation
a substitution, exchange or interchange, the process of transferring current from one connection to another within an electric circuit, the change from meeting feudal obligations in labor or in kind to cash payments
32. Companionate marriage
a marriage in which the partners agree not to have children and may divorce by mutual consent with neither partner responsible for the financial welfare of the other
33. Complex marriage
every male was married to every female, and they were not to have an exclusive romantic relationship with each other they were supposed to keep in constant circulation of the other gender in their community it was to prevent a “Special love” from forming
34. Confederate States of America (CSI)
a republic fromed in February 1861, and composed of the 11 Southern states that seceded from the United States in order to preserve slavery and states’ rights, dissolved in 1865 after being defeated in the American Civil War
35. Conglomerate
to form or gather into a mass or whole, a corporation made up of a number of different companies that operate in diversified fields, one of the earliest groups was the English East India Company
36. Congregationalism
a type of church government in which each local congregation is self
37. Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
works for racial equality regardless of race, creed, sex, sexual orientation, religion, ethnicity, or disability, programs include welfare to work projects, immigration counseling, victim and witness assistance, ex
38. Conquistadores
Spanish “conquerors” , who defeated the Indian civilizations of Mexico, Central America, and Peru, also navigators such as Columbus, vespuccio, Magellan, and cabot
39. Conscience Whigs
opposed the annexation of Texas and the Mexican War because they feared the extension of slavery to new territories would endanger the republic
40. Conscientious objector
one who on the basis of religious or moral principles refuses to bear arms or participate in military service
41. Conscription (Draft)
the power of the state to raise and maintain armed forces, during the American Revolution initial American efforts to raise an army involved local militias, both sides resorted to conscription during the civil war, Woodrow Wilson, relied on it for World
42. Conservatism
the inclination, especially in politics to maintain the existing or traditional order, the belief in politics that the current way is perfect and any new changes would cause problems within the system
43. Conspicuous consumption
the acquisition and display of expensive items to attract attention to one’s wealth or to suggest that one is wealthy, usually used for attention purposes
44. Consumer culture
a culture in which the marketing and consumption of goods and services has a dominant influence, the type of culture that is commonly associated with most major countries now
45. Containment
is when a large government limits the growth of another government to prevent the smaller one from getting too much power and abusing it
46. Contrabands
goods prohibited by law or treaty from being imported or exported, any product that is not allowed to either legally exit or enter a country, like illegal weapon or products from certain countries where there are trade embargos
47. Convoy
a group as of ships or motor vehicles, traveling together with a protective escort or for safety or convenience, are often used in the transportation of troops and supplies through hostile areas
48. Corporate colony
a colony that is founded by a corporation usually so that the people brought over there could work and create goods for exports
49. Corporation
a group of people combined into or acting as one body that has its own rules and regulations
50. Cost
plus provisions
51. Cotton gin
a device used to separate cotton fivers from cotton seeds, began the industrial revolution in early America
52. Counterculture
a culture especially of young people with values or lifestyles in opposition to those of the established culture, “hippies” in the 60’s, acting against the capitalist government and against certain morals of the time
53. Counterinsurgency
political and military strategy or action intended to oppose and forcefull suppress insurgency
54. Covenant
a formal sealed agreement or contract, typically used on the terms to pay off a debt
55. Covert interventions
secret actions conducted by the Unites States against foreign states, executed throughout the 19th century as well as during the world wars in the 20th century
56. Coverture
the status of a married woman under common law, it meant that her property became the husbands and the husband had control over her
57. Creationism
belief in the literal interpretation of the account of the creation of the universe and of all living things related in the Bible
58. Credibility gap
a discrepancy or disparity, especially between words and actions, is where somebody says they will do something and then either don’t do it or do something else
59. Creole
a person descended from the original French settlers in the southern united states, typically in Louisiana
60. Crop lien system
the system was a way for farmers to get credit, after the crop was harvested they would use it to pay back their loan, used in the south after civil war for farmers to have an easier way to pay off their loans,
61. Cult of domesticity
a prevailing view among middle and upper class white women during the nineteenth century, in the unity states, strongly believed that woman were to remain inferior to their husbands and were bound to do the domestic work
62. Cyberspace
electronic medium of computer networks, in which online communication takes place, is where digital objects are said to exist, for example, a rendering of a house where you can go through and see the interior of it is considered to be in cyberspace
Buen Viaje lv.2 ch 8
