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EVAN VOYK
Chapter 8&10 Vocabulary
Term | Definition |
---|---|
solute | A substance whose particles are dissolved in a solution. |
solvent | the substance in which a solute dissolves. |
dissociation | the process in which an ionic compound separates into ions as it dissolves. |
dispertion | breaking into smaller pieces and spreading throughout a substance. |
ionization | process in which neutral molecules gain or lose electrons. |
acid | a compound that produces htydronium atoms when dissolved in water. |
indicator | any substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or base. |
base | a compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. |
neutralization | reactions between an acid and a base. |
salt | the negative ions in an acid and the positive ions in a base combine to form a salt. |
pH | a measure of a solutions hydronium acid concentration. |
buffer | a solution that is resistant to large changes in pH. |
electrolyte | substance that ionizes or dissociates into ions when dissolved in water. |
radioactivity | the process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles and energy. |
radioisotope | any atom containing an unstable nucleus. |
nuclear radiation | charged particles and energy that is emitted from the nuclei of radioisotopes. |
alpha particle | positively charged particle made of two protons and two neutrons. |
beta particle | an electron emitted by an unstable nucleus. |
gamma ray | a penetrating ray of energy emitted from an unstable nucleus. |
background radiation | nuclear radiation that occurs naturally in the environment. |
strong nuclear force | the attractive force that binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus |
fission | the splitting of an atomic nucleus into two smaller parts. |
chain reaction | neutrons released during the splitting of an initial nucleus. |
critical mass | the smallest possible mass of a fissionable material that can sustain a chain reactin |
fusion | the process in which the nuclei of two atoms combine to form a larger nucleus. |
plasma | a state of matter in which atoms have been stripped of their electrons. |