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RADT 308 Unit 6

Wrist, Forearm, and Elbow

QuestionAnswer
Most commonly fractured carpal Scaphoid
Increase mAs 25-30% or increase 3-4kV Fiberglass cast
Increase mAs 100% or increase 8-10 kV Large or wet plaster cast
Increase mAs 50-60% or increase 5-7 kV Small to medium dry plaster cast
Displacement from joint Dislocation
Partial dislocation Subluxation
Rupture or tearing of connective tissues Sprain
Bruise without fracture Contusion
Closed fracture Simple Fracture
Open fracture,bone breaks through the skin Compound Fracture
Fracture with bone splintered or crushed at site of impact, two or more fragments Comminuted Fracture
Fracture with fragments driven into each other Impacted Fracture
Fracture and dislocation of the posterior lip of the distal radius involving the wrist joint Barton's Fracture
Fracture of the base of the first metacarpal bone, extends into the carpometacarpal joint, subluxation with posterior displacement Bennett's Fracture
Most common in the 5th metacarpal Boxer's Fracture
Transverse fracture of the distal radius, fragment displaced posteriorly Colles' Fracture
Transverse fracture of the distal radius with distal fragment displaaced anteriorly, Reverse of Colles' fracture Smith's Fracture
Positioning considerations for upper limb 40 inch SID, gonadal shielding, 4-sided collimation, long axis of part with long axis of IR, marker visible
Number of bones in hand and wrist 27 bones
Number of metacarpals in hand 5
Number of carpals in wrist 8
Number of phalanges in fingers and thumb 14
First metacarpal is on the ________ side Thumb or Lateral
Metacarpals articulate with phalanges to form ___________ joint Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) Joint
Metacarpals articulate with carpals to form ___________ joint Carpometacarpal (CMC) Joint
First metacarpal articulates with _______ Trapezium
Second metacarpal articulates with ________ Trapezium
Third metacarpal articulates with _________ Capitate
Fourth and Fifth metacarpal articulates with ________ Hamate
Boat-shaped bone, largest carpal in the proximal row Scaphoid
Scaphoid articulates with the ________ proximally Radius
Moon-shaped carpal of the proximal row, articulates with the radius and the capitate in the distal row Lunate
Pyramid shaped carpal Triquetrum
Smallest of the carpal bones Pisiform
Smallest carpal in the distal row, wedge-shaped Trapezoid
Largest of the carpal bones Capitate
This carpal has the hamulus Hamate
Hooklike process of the hamate Hamulus
The concave area or groove, major nerves and tendons pass through Carpal Sulcus
Forearm bone on the lateral side Radius
Forearm bone on the medial side Ulna
Small conical projections, located on distal ends of radius and ulna Styloid Process
Small depression on the medial aspect the distal radius Ulnar Notch
Forms the distal radioulnar joint Head of ulna and ulnar notch
Head of the ulna located at the _____ end of the ulna Distal
Head of radius located at the ________ end of the radius Proximal
Shortest bone of the forearm Radius
Which forearm bone is part of the wrist joint Radius
Rough oval process on medial and anterior side of radius Radial Tuberosity
During pronation, the _____rotates around the ________ Radius, Ulna
Forearm bone that is part of the elbow joint Ulna
Longest forearm bone Ulna
Two beaklike processes on proximal ulna Olecranon process and coronoid process
Also known as Exostosis Osteochondroma
Most common benign bone tumor, commonly in persons 10-20 years old, arises from outer cortex, common in the knee Osteochondroma
Fluid-filled joint space with possible calcifications Bursitis
Calcifications in the carpal sulcus Carpal tunnel syndrome
Disruption in the bony cortex with soft tissue swelling Fracture
Fluid-filled joint cavity Joint effusion
Narrowing of joint space with periosteal growths on the joint margins Osteoarthritis
Soft tissue swelling and loss of fat pad detail visibility Osteomyelitis
Marble Bone, chalky white or opaque appearance, lack of distinction between bony cortex and trabeculae Osteopetrosis
A decrease in bone density, thin cortex Osteoporosis
Mixed areas of sclerotic and cortical thickening, radiolucent lesions, cotton wool appearance Paget's Disease
The first CMC joint is what type of joint? sellar or saddle-type
The second through fifth CMC joints are what type of joint? plane or gliding-type
The _______ is the only bone of the forearm to articulate with carpal bones. radius
The two carpals that articulate with the radius. scaphoid and lunate
Another name for the wrist joint radiocarpal joint
Angle for PA Axial Scaphoid- Ulnar Deviation 10-15 degrees
Degree of CR angle for the Gaynor Hart Method 25-30
Epicondyles are_______ to IR for the AP forearm parallel
Degree of rotation for PA Oblique wrist 45 degrees
SID for upper limb 40 inches
True or false: the long axis of body part should be positioned to the long axis of the IR. True
What should happen to bring carpals closer to the IR? arch hand
CR enters _______ for PA wrist. midcarpal area
What should be done if patient unable to fully extend elbow? 2 views- one forearm parallel, one humerus parallel
Both the wrist and elbow joints must be included for forearm projections? True of False True
CR enters_____ for forearm midforearm
Elbow should be flexed _____ degrees for lateral forearm. 90 degrees
Wrist:PA Radial Deviation requires the hand to be rotated toward the ______. thumb side
Another name for the Gaynor Hart Method Carpal Canal(Tunnel_ Tangential Inferosuperior Projection
CR enters _______ for the Gaynor Hart Method 2-3 cm distal to base of 3rd metacarpal, center of palm of hand
This projection requires 10 degree internal rotation of hand and wrist. Gaynor Hart Method
Hand and wrist should be in a true lateral position for this projection. Lateral Forearm
Created by: lawebster
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