BJU Physical World - Intro to Physical Science - Ch 4
Question
Answer
amorphous solid
A solid in which the particles are held in random placement.
angstroms
10 to the negative tenth power meter; a hundred-millionth of a centimeter
atoms
The fundamental particle of an element.
boiling
The rapid phase change from liquid to gas.
boiling point
The temperature at which a material changes rapidly from liquid to gas.
Bose-Einstein condensate
This theory goes beyond the particle model of matter to describe particles as waves and uses mathematical equations instead of particles to describe matter. It only forms at temperatures near absolute zero.
Brownian movement
The constant random motion of particles in a liquid or a gas.
chemical change
A change in a material that alters its identity.
chemical property
A property that describes how matter will react and change in the presence of other kinds of matter.
compressibility
How much more the atoms of an object/substance can be packed together.
condensation
The phase change from gas to liquid.
condensation point
The temperature at which a material changes from gas to liquid.
crystalline solid
A solid in which the particles are held in a fixed repeating pattern.
diffusion
The process of mixing by particle motion.
evaporation
The phase change from liquid to gas.
freezing
The phase change from liquid to solid.
freezing point
The temperature at which a material changes rapidly from liquid to solid.
gas
The state of matter in which the disruptive forces completely overcome the attractive forces, allowing particles unlimited movement.
gas pressure
Force exerted on a unit of area by gas particles colliding with a surface.
kelvin
The basic unit of temperature in the metric system.
kinetic energy
The energy of motion.
liquid
The state of matter in which the attractive forces and the disruptive forces are balanced, allowing particles limited movement.
melting
The phase change from solid to liquid.
melting point
The temperature at which a material changes from a solid to liquid.
nanometer
10 to the negative ninth power meters.
particle model
A model of matter in which all matter is made up of tiny particles in constant motion.
phases
Used by scientists because many materials can exist in more one physical state.
physical property
A property that can be observed and measured without changing the kind of matter being studied.
plasma
The state of matter in which particles travel at such tremendous speeds that they become electrically charged.
solids
The state of matter in which the attractive forces limit the particles to vibrating in place.
sublimation
The phase change directly from solid to gas or from gas to solid.
temperature
The measure of the average kinetic energy in a material.
viscosity
The thickness of a fluid.
absolute zero
The temperature on the Kelvin scale at which an object would possess an absolute minimum of kinetic energy.
Science Vocab 147928
