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Module 7 (Head)
Anatomy of the Head
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Dividing line b/w neurocranium and facial skeleton runs from... | eyebrow to head of mandible |
What bone of the skull contains greater and lesser wings? | sphenoid |
What bone forms the cribiform plate and perpendicular plat? | Ethboid |
What bone contains the foramen magnum? | Occipital |
What bone forms the pterygoid process? | sphenoid |
The two dividing lines forming the boarders of the cranial base run from... | 1. top of forehead to occipital protuberance 2. eyebrow to mastoid process |
The calvaria is superior to... | the cranial base |
What region is inferior to the cranial base? | facial skeleton |
Bregma | intersection of frontal and sagittal sutures |
Lambda | intersection of occipital bone and R/L parietal bones |
Squamous suture | intersection of parietal and squamous portion of temporal bones |
Together, the ethmoid bone and the vomer form... | the nasal septum |
What bone constitutes the hard pallate? | palatine bone |
The sqaumous suture lies between... | parietal and temporal bones |
The frontal suture lies between... | frontal and temporal bones |
The lambdoid suture lies between... | parietal and occipital bones |
Pterion | intersection of frontal, temporal, parietal, and sphenoid bones (all cranial bones except occipital bone) |
The sella turcica contains ___ and is part of the ___ bone | pituitary gland, sphenoid bone |
Anterior cranial fossa (internal boarders) | lesser wing, cribiform plate |
Foramina of cribiform plate (CN) | CN 1 |
optic canal (CN) | CN 2 |
Superior orbital fissure (CN) | CN 3, 4, 6, V1 |
Foramen rotundum (CN) | V2 of CN 5 |
Foramen ovale (CN) | V3 of CN 5 |
Internal acoustic meatus (CN) | CN 7 and 8 |
Jugular foramen (CN) | CN 9, 10, 11 |
Hypoglossal canal (CN) | CN 12 |
Foramen magnum (CN and other structures) | Roots of CN 11, medulla oblongata of B stem |
What passes through the carotid canal? | ICA |
The mastoid process is part of what cranial bone? | temporal |
The styloid process is part of what cranial bone? | temporal |
Nasion | junction of 2 nasal bones |
Bones that form the zygomatic arch... | zygomatic and temporal bones |
V1 passes through | Superior orbital fissure |
V2 passes through | foramen rotundum |
V3 passes through | foramen ovale |
Supraorbital notch (CN) | branch of V1 |
Infraorbital foramen (CN) | branch of V2 |
Mental foramen (CN) | branch of V3 |
Occipitofrontalis (Act) | elevate eyebrows |
Orbicularis oculi (Act) | closes eyes |
Orbicularis oculi (palpebral; act.) | gently closes eyes |
Orbicularis oculi (orbital; act.) | tightly closes eyes |
Nasalis (Act) | flares nostrils ("draws sides of nose toward nasal septum") |
Levator labii superioris (Act) | Elevate upper lip |
Orbicularis oris (Act) | Purse lips (kiss) |
Mentalis (Act) | protrude lower lip (pout) |
All muscles of the face are innervated by... | CN 7 (facial nerve) |
Bell's Palsy | injury to CN 7 -> paralysis of facial muscles |
3 major branches of ECA | Facial, maxillary, superficial temporal artery |
What CN innervates the skin of the face? | CN 5 (trigeminal nerve) |
Levator palpebrae superioris (Act) | raises upper eyelid |
Path of tears from lacrimal gland | lacrimal gland -> lacrimal lake -> lacrimal punctum -> lacrimal canaliculi -> lacrimal sac -> nasolacrimal duct -> inferior meatus |
Conjuctiva | transparent layer that covers the anterior eye (is continuous with the inner eyelid) -- on eye = bulbar conjuctiva; on inner eyelid = palpebrae conjuctiva |
conjuctivitis | inflammation of conjuctiva (redness) |
Sclera | outer white layer of eye 5/6 |
Cornea | overlays lens and iris externally 1/6 |
Ciliary body connects... | choroid with iris |
Choroid lines... | most of the sclera (deep) |
Ciliary process secretes... | aqueous humor |
Anterior chamber lies b/w | cornea and iris/pupil |
Posterior chamber lies b/w | iris/pupil and ciliary body |
The Canal of Schlemm drains... | aqueous humor |
Impaired drainage of aqueous humor leads to | glaucoma |
Ciliary muscle (Act) | focus lens |
In the center of macula lutea lies... | fovea centralis (highest acuity) |
Eye muscles (CN 3) | superior/inferior/medial rectus (all but lateral rectus), inferior oblique, levator palpebrae superioris |
Eye muscles (CN 4) | superior oblique |
Eye muscles (CN 6) | lateral rectus |
CN 3 innervates all eye muscles except for... | superior oblique, lateral rectus |
Lateral rectus (N) | CN 6 |
Superior oblique (N) | CN 4 |
Boundaries of nasal cavity (floor, roof, medial wall, lateral wall) | fl: palatine bone + maxilla, roof: cribiform plate, med wall: perpendicular plate, lat wall: nasal conchae |
What sinus lies b/w nasal cavity and orbit? | ethmoid sinus |
What sinus lies w/in the frontal bone? | frontal sinus |
What sinus lies w/in the maxilla? | maxillary sinus |
What sinus lies w/in the sphenoid? | sphenoidal sinus |
Most common sinus infected? | maxillary sinus |
Tooth pain may be a sign of infection of the... | maxillary sinus |
Saying "ahh" tests what structure + nerve? | Uvula and CN 9 |
Anterior 2/3 of tongue | lingual papillae |
Posterior 1/3 of tongue | lingual tonsils |
Genioglossus (N) | CN 12 |
Mumps -> inflammation of... | parotid gland |
Aqueous humor flows from the __ chamber to the __ chamber | Posterior chamber -> anterior chamber |
Test for CN 6 palsy | cannot rotate eye laterally |
Order external -> internal (ear bones) | Maleus, incus, stapes |
What connects the middle ear tot he nasopharynx? | auditory (eustachian) tube |
Covering layers of brain (superficial -> deep) | dura, arachnoid, pia mater |
Sub-arachnoid space contains... | Cerebrospinal fluid |
What enters the carotid canal? | ICA |
CSF fluid flows... | lat ventricle -> third vent -> cerebral aquaduct -> fourth vent -> subarachnoid space |
Vertebral artery enters skull via | foramen magnum |
Vertebral arteries unite to form | Basilar artery |
Muscles of mastication (N) | V3 of CN 5 |
Muscles of mastication | temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid (some lat pterygoid) |
TMJ movement | rotation, translation |