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EXAM1PSY280

QuestionAnswer
What is the strongest predictor of the extent of homelessness in a community? The lack of affordable housing.
What is context minimization error? Assumptions behind the process of problem definition may be largely unconcious. ♥Ignoring or discounting the importance of context in an individuals life (not blaming the individ.)
What is a participant-conceptualizer? Actively involved in community process while also attempting to understand them. ♥Knowledge is constructed through action.
What is first order change? Alters, rearranges or replaces the individual members of a group.
What is second order change? Affects the relationships among the members of a group, especially shared goals, rules and power relationships.
What are contextual influences (in an ecological sense) on an individual? Community Groups, Churches, School groups
Microsystems, plus example. Most interactive environment ♥ Examples: Friends, family, classroom
Organizations, plus example. Organizations/Setting that have a formal structure ♥ May host several microsystems ♥Examples: School, Religious congregations
Localities, plus example. Geographic communitites ♥ Examples: Cities, towns, neighborhood
Macrosystems, plus example. ♥mulitple systems ♥ Influence other levels of analysis through policys etc. ♥ Examples: Cultures, government, Mass media
What is the difference between proximal and distal systems? Proximal: closest to the individual and involving the most face-to-face contact ♥Distal: less immediate to the person yet haveing broad effects.
What is error of logical typing? Creating an intervention at the wrong level.
What are the seven core values in community psychology? 1. Individual and family wellness 2. Sense of community 3. Respect for human diversity 4. Social justice 5. Empowerment and citizen participation 6. Collaboration and community strengths 7. Empirical grounding
What is the difference between distributive and procedural justice? Distributive justice: Fair allocation of resources ♥Procedural justice: whether processes of collective decision making include a fair representation of citizens.
What were the major reasons for the emergence of community psychology? 1. Prevention perspective on programs in living 2. Reforms in mental health systems 3. Group dynamics and action research 4. Movem ents for social change & liberation 5. Optimism regarding social change.
What are examples of individualistic practice in psychology? Clinical: one-to-one, Personality
What is the principle of blaming the victim? Only focus on one level and ignore the other factors, locating the deficit in the person but ignore the other factors. ♥Victim overused.
What is Fair share? Focuses on fairness of procedure and minimizing extreme out come inequalities.
What is Fair play? Assures rules of fairness in competition for economic, educational, or social advancement.
What is Top-Down approach to social Change? Professionals, usually preserve existing power structure.
What is Bottom-Up approach to social change? "Grassroots" among citizens rahter than professionals. They reflect attempts by ordinary people to assert control over their everyday lives.
What is Postpositivist? Build through shared understanding and science understand cause and effect (most common)
What is Constructivist? Created in relationships between researchers and participants. (Qualitative)
What are Critical Philosophies of Science? Shaped by power relationships
What is participatory research? Attend to unheard voices: begin research at the level of those impacted but without a voice, without power (bottom up approach, citizen collab)
Why should culture be considered when conducting research and/or conducting an intervention? ♥Trap 1: Assumptions of methodological Equvilance (likert scale) ♥ Trap 2: All members of a cultural of social group are alike across life domains. (Assumptions of homogenity) ♥Trap 3: Categorization = Identification
What are between-group designs? ♥1. Compare multiple cultures ♥2. Difficulty with measurement quality ♥3. Can be difficult to interpret findings
What is considered checking as it relates to qualitative research? ♥ Many rounds of data collection and analysis, then check themselves and interpretations ♥ Utilize community members to verfiy/challenge interpretations and themes presented by the research.
What is generalizability of research findings and how does it relate to qualitative findings? ♥ Less important than understanding meaning among persons sampled ♥Identity converging themes across many studies or cases. ♥ A method of qualitative research.
What is participant observation? ♥Careful detail observation, written notes ♥Interviews, conversations with citizens ♥Conceptual interpretation
What does qualitative interviewing involve? (Open-ended) Questions recorded, transcribed and coded- themes documented.
What are focus groups? ♥ A group interview ♥Allows for comparison and reaction to others experiences.
What are case studies? ♥Studying one or more indidviduals in relation to settings. ♥ Can involve (focus groups, qualitative interviewing, and participant observation) as well as archival data.
What is a correlation? Two variable sthat go up at the same time.
What is the difference between prevalence and incidence? ♥Prevalance: Rate of existing occurances of a disorder in a population within a time period. ♥Incidence: Rate of new occurances.
What is geographic information systems data? Relationships between physical and spatial aspects and psychosocial qualitites of community.
What are Randomized experiements? Participants are randomly assigned to groups. ♥ Strong design but difficult to implement in community setting.
What is nonequivalent comparison group designs? Assignemnt to experiment of control group is not radomized, Weaker but better for communities
What is an interrupted time-series design? ♥Repeated measurement overtime of a single case. ♥Start at baseline and continue through intervention implementation ♥Multibaseline designs
What are potential risk factors in a community? Example. Increased likelyhood of disorder. Ex: 1. Exposure to stressors, 2. Lack of coping resources
What are protective factors in a community? Example. Lesser likely hood of a disorder. Example 1. Professional or cultural strengths, 2. Support systems
What are within group designs? ♥ 1. Deeply understand one culture (identify unique practices) ♥2. Can look at cultural subgroups
Created by: kdas
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