Save
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or

show password
Forgot Password?

Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or

Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account.
Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.


Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

Ch 1 and 2 Pathology

Intro To Pathology/Skeletal

QuestionAnswer
______ is the study of disease. Pathology
______ any abnormal disturbance of the function of the human body as a result of some type of injury Disease
______ sequence of events producing cellular changes that lead to observable changes know as “manifestations” Pathogenesis
______ are the patient’s perception of the disease. Symptoms
______ are subjective e.g. Headaches, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, pain, etc. Symptoms
_____ are an objective manifestation that can be detected by the physician during examination. Signs
______ is the study of the cause of a disease Etiology
_____ signifies that no causative factor can be identified. Idiopathic
______ disease is acquired from the environment. Nosocomial (staph infection after hip replacement)
_____ signifies those adverse responses that occur form medical tx itself. Iatragenic (perforated bowel during colonoscopy)
_______ is the name of a disease. Diagnosis
______ is the prediction of the course and outcome of the disease. Prognosis
A _________ disease is caused by deterioration degenerative
A ______ is a new and abnormal growth. neoplasm
A ______ is a cellular change that can occur in response to disease. lesion
A _____ tumor remains localized and is noninvasive. Benign
Cancers are staged using the _______ system. TNM
The compact (dense) bone is the _____ portion of the bone. outer
The _____ canal (BONE MARROW) in the spongy, inner portion. medullary
_____ are web-like bony structures of the bone that are visible on a detailed radiograph. Trabeculae
______ are cancellous (spongy) bone within the skull. Diploe
______ is the fibrous membrane that encloses all the bone except the joint surfaces. Periosteum
Thickening of the diploe in the skull can be an indication of ______ disease. Paget's
The _____ is the growth zone between the epiphysis and diaphysis. metaphysis (area of greatest metabolic activity)
The ____ is the shaft of the long bone. diaphysis
The _______ plate is a growth plate, in a growing child between the metaphysis and epiphysis. epiphyseal
______ disease is additive and subtractive; "cotton wool" appearance; osteolytic/-blastic stages occur; unknown etiology. Paget's
Osteogenesis imperfecta is also known as _____ ____ disease. "brittle bone"
Osteogenesis imperfecta would need a ______ in exposure. decrease
Which osteogenesis is present at birth? After birth? O.I. congenita; O.I. tarda
________ is the M/C INHERITED disorder affecting the skeletal system. Achondroplasia.
Osteopetrosis is also known as ______ _____. marble bone.
Bone deformity, dwarfism, shortened extremities, increased lumbar lordosis, bow legs and bulky forehead all describe __________. achondroplasia
_______ is failure of finger or toes to separate; ______ are extra digits. syndactyly; polydactly
______ is described as the foot most commonly turned inward at the ankle and is M/C in males. Clubfoot
_______ is abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. Scoliosis
Scoliosis shows right ______ in the T-spine and left _____ in the L spine. convexity; convexity
Scoliosis is _____% idiopathic and _____% trauma induced. 80; 20
_______ is a condition in which one lateral half of a vertebra fails to form. Hemivertebra
What if failure of the odontoid to form? Odontoid agenesis
What is failure of the odontoid to fuse with C1? Os odontoideum
What is the name of the epiphyseal growth plate of the iliac crest? Risser's Sign
What is incomplete closure of the vertebral canal? Spina Bifida
Failure of the bony fusion of the 2 laminae is ______ _____ ______. spina bifida occulta
__________ vertebra is a vertebra that takes on the characteristics of both vertebrae. Transitional
Transitional vertebra is most common at which two junctions? T/l or L/S
What is a calcification that bridges the lateral masses and the posterior arch creating a foramen? Posterior ponticle (occurs only at C1)
A ______ ______ vertebrae is M/C in the C-spine, has a decreased AP diameter of vertebral body, has a rudimentary disk and is usually fusion of apophyseal joint. congenital block
__________ vertebra is a vertebra that takes on the characteristics of both vertebrae. Transitional
Transitional vertebra is most common at which two junctions? T/l or L/S
What is a calcification that bridges the lateral masses and the posterior arch creating a foramen? Posterior ponticle (occurs only at C1)
A ______ ______ vertebrae is M/C in the C-spine, has a decreased AP diameter of vertebral body, has a rudimentary disk and is usually fusion of apophyseal joint. congenital block
What is the syndrome associated with a webbed neck, low hairline, multiple block vertebrae, sprengel's deformity. Klippel-Fiel Syndrome
What is the congenital abnormality in which the brain and cranial vault do not form. Anencephaly
___________ is premature closure of any of the cranial sutures. Results in an altered shaped head. Craniosynostosis
________ is infection of the bone and bone marrow. Osteomyelitis
Osteomyelitis shows a ______-_______ appearance. worm-eaten
What describes an autoimmune disease; effects bilateral wrist and feet then progresses; tends to be bilateral and symmetrical and uniform loss of jt space? RA - rheumatoid arthritis
Which disease results is swelling, osteopenia, subluxation w/ ulnar deviation and marginal erosions? RA - rheumatoid arthritis
RA can destroy the ligament around the dens and cause separation of the ___________. This is visualized in a lateral C-spine. Atlantodento-Interspace (ADI)
_______ _______ _______ occurs for children under 16 y/o. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Fewer than ____% of children with JVA go on to have a progressive disease. 20%
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is also known as ____ ______ ______ or ____ _____. Marie Strumpell Disease; bamboo spine
______ ______ shows SI jt. obliteration and "shiny corner" on the anterior portion of the vertebra. Ankylosing Spondylitis
AS needs an ______ in exposure. increase
______ _____ is calcification of the spine and vertebral ligaments. Ankylosing spondylitis - Bamboo spine (extreme kyphosis)
__________ is the M/C type of arthritis. Osteoarthritis
__________ affects large weight bearing joints and causes asymmetrical narrowing of joint space. Osteoarthritis
Overgrowth of articular cartilage may cause _________ of the spine. spondylophytes
Heberdens's nodes causes pain and swelling in the _______ and Bouhchard's nodes causes pain and swelling in the _________. D.I.P.S; P.I.P.S.
________ is an inflammatory disease associated with inflamed bursa and is most common is the shoulder. Bursitis (calcific tendonitis)
What is cystic swelling in the tendon sheath and is M/C in the extensor surface of the wrist? Ganglion cysts
________ is a metabolic disorder in which excess amounts of uric acid are produced; M/C at the great toe @ MTP joint; DDX can be a Bunion; can appear "punched out" on an x-ray. Gout
" mouse ears" - DIPS, "pencil in cup" - DIPS, "ray- pattern" - fingers = ______ __________. Psoriatic arthritis
Reiter's Syndrome is also known as ________ _______. Lovers heel
Benign neoplasms are usually seen with the _________ population. elderly.
During a _________, spasms can cause a loss of cervical lordosis or cervical kyphosis. whiplash
During a normal view of an oblique L-spine, the "ear" of the scottie dog should point to the _______. "neck"
___________ is a lucent break between the superior and inferior articular processes (PARS DEFECT). spondylolysis
______% of pars defect occur at the L5-S1 junction. 90;
A BILATERAL pars defect will result in _____________. spondylolisthesis
Name three common benign tumors: osteoma, osteochondroma and GCT.
Name three common malignant neoplasms: osteosarcoma, Ewings tumor and multiple myeloma
______ is the most common benign bone tumor. Osteochondroma (exostosis)
_________ will demonstrate "coat-hanger" lesions. Osteochondroma
_____% of people with osteochondroma can produce a malignant chondrosarcoma. 10%
______ is M/C in the skull or sinuses ; very dense lesion. Osteoma
__________ is the M/C benign tumor of the hands and also described as a "Bubbly" lesion with small, stippled calcifications. Endochondroma
Endochondroma and osteoid osteoma results in a ________ in technique. decrease
An _______ _________ is a benign tumor less than 2 cm; M/C in femur, tibia or spine; small lytic lesion with a dense center (sclerotic nidus); pain at night relieved by aspirin. Osteoid Osteoma
_______ sarcoma effects children; involves the diaphysis of long bones and results in periosteal reaction (onion skin). Ewing's
Chondrosarcoma is a ____________ neoplasm and is 10% of all tumors. malignant
Most skeletal tumors arise from carcinoma ______ spread. metastatic
The _____ is the M/C site for metastases to occur in the skeleton. spine
________ is similar to osteoid osteoma but usually larger than 2 cm; M/C in the spine. Osteoblastoma
_____% of GCT are benign and 15% are malignant; affects ends of long bones. 50
A giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma) will have a _____-____ appearance. soap bubble
M/C benign tumor of the spine is a ______; also has a CORDUROY appearance; skull has a "spoke-wheel" appearance. hemangioma
__________ is the M/C primary malignancy of the skeleton; periosteal reaction results in a sun-ray or sunburst appearance. Osteosarcoma (osteogenic sarcoma)
Popular Radiology sets

 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards