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Age of Exploration
Term | Definition |
---|---|
astrolabe | navigational tool that used the stars to navigate. From the Middle East. One of the navigational advances that causes the Age of Exploration. |
cartography | mapmaking. Advances in map making and the development of the printing press helped lead to the Age of Exploration. |
caravel | type of ship with a rear rudder, several masts and capable of carrying canon and cargo and making ocean voyages. Helped lead to the Age of Exploration |
Ferdinand Magellan | Credited with the first circumnavigation (circling) of the earth. |
Treaty of Tordesillas | Divided the New World between Spain and Portugal |
conquistador | Spanish for conqueror. Examples: Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro |
Hernan Cortes | Spanish conquistador responsible for the downfall of the Aztec Empire |
Francisco Pizarro | Spanish conquistador responsible for the downfall of the Inca Empire |
mercantilism | the idea that a nation's power is based on it's wealth. |
favorable balance of trade | when the value of a nation's exports is more than the value of their imports |
Columbian Exchange | the exchange of goods, ideas, diseases, etc. between Europe and the New World. |
Triangular Trade | Trade route between Europe, Africa and the Americas |
Middle Passage | Part of the Triangular trade that transported enslaved Africans to the New World |
encomienda system | system in which Native Americans were forced into labor and had to pay tribute. |
peninsulares | Spanish/Portuguese citizens living in the New World who were born in Spain or Portugal. At the top of the social class structure of colonial Latin America |
Latin America | The Western Hemisphere south of the United States |
creoles | Spanish and Portuguese citizens who were born in the New World. Often treated as second class citizens by the peninsulares |
mestizos | those of mixed Native American and European ancestry |
mulattos | those of mixed African and European ancestry |
Commercial Revolution | Time period when a truly worldwide trade developed involving Europe, Africa, Asia and the Americas |
joint stock companies | type of corporation where individuals could buy part of a voyage of exploration or colonization. Opened up more money for investment |