Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Ch. 4 Bontrager
Ch. 4 Bontrager - semester 1/ positioning
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| KUB | What is the most common film of the abdomen? |
| Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder | What does KUB stand for? |
| Diaphragm | an umbrella shaped muscle that separates the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity |
| Psoas Major | muscles that are located on either side of the lumbar vertebral column |
| Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, sm. intestine, lg. intestine | What are the 6 different organs of the digestive system? |
| KUB | Xray commonly taken to rule out pathology before abdominal exams are performed with the use of contrast media. |
| liver, gallbladder, pancreas | What are the accessory organs of the digestive system? |
| in the mediastinum of the thoracic cavity | Where is the esophagus located? |
| stomach, small and large intestines | What are the 3 digestive organs within the abdominal cavity? |
| Stomach | 1st organ of the digestive system located in the abdominal cavity, and expandable reservoir for swallowed food and fluids. |
| Small Intestine | continues from the stomach as a long tubelike convoluted structure - 15-18 feet long |
| Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum | What are the 3 parts of the small intestine |
| Duodenum | the first portion of the small intestine - shortest bur widest in diameter - 10 inches - C shaped, proximal portion is called a bulb |
| Jejunum | remainder of the small bowel in the lower abdomen - first 2/5 following the duodenum |
| Ileum | distal 3/5 of the small bowel following the jejunum |
| Ileocecal valve | orifice between the distal ileum and the cecum portion of the large intestine |
| Large intestine | begins in the RLQ at the junction with the small intestine at the ileocecal valve |
| Cecum | saclike area of the large intestine below the ileocecal valve |
| Appendix or vermiform appendix | attached to the posteromedial aspect of the cecum |
| Ascending colon | vertical portion of the large bowel above the cecum |
| Transverse colon | part of large bowel that goes from left to right side of abdomen |
| right colic flexure (hepatic) | joins the ascending colon to the transverse colon (corner piece) |
| left splenic flexure (splenic) | joins the transverse colon to the descending colon (corner piece) |
| Sigmoind colon | the s-shaped part of the descending colon in the lower left abdomen |
| Rectum | the final 6 inches of the large intestine |
| Anus | sphincter muscle at the terminal opening of the large intestine |
| Spleen | part of the lymphatic system that along with the heart and blood vessels is part of the circulatory system. |
| Pancreas | part of the exocrine and endocrine system - regulates insulin and produces digestive juices |
| Liver | larges solid organ of the body - produces bile |
| Gallbladder | store and concentrate bile |
| 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 urinary bladder, 1 urethra | Urinary System consists of the following: |
| urinary bladder | stores urine, voluntary passes urine to the exterior via the urethra |
| Suprarenal(adrenal) glands | part of the endocrine system located at the superomedial portion of each kidney |
| Kidneys | waste materials and excess water are eliminated from the blood by these organs |
| IVU(Intravenous Urogram) | RAD exam of the urinary system where contrast medium is injected intravenously - the hollow organs of the this system are visualized |
| Peritoneum | large, serous, double-walled, saclike membrane that covers the abdominal structures and organs |
| Parietal Peritoneum | two-layered peritoneum that adheres to the cavity wall |
| Visceral Peritoneum | the portion of the peritoneum that covers the organs themselves |
| Peritoneal Cavity | the space or cavity between the parietal or visceral portions of the peritoneum |
| Ascites | an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in peritoneum cavity |
| Mesentery | Double fold of peritoneum that extends anteriorly from the posterior abdominal wall to completely envelop a loop of small bowel. |
| Omentum | A specific type of double fold peritoneum that extends from the stomach to another organ |
| Lesser Omentum | omentum that extends superiorly from the lesser curvature of the stomach to portions of the liver. |
| Greater omentum | connects the transverse colon to the greater curvature of the stomach inferorly - drapes down over the small bowel then folds back on itself to form and apron along the anterior abdominal wall. |
| Mesocolon | the peritoneum that attaches the colon to the posterior abdominal wall |
| Greater Sac or Peritoneal cavity | the major portion of the peritoneal cavity |
| Lesser Sac or Omentum bursa | the smaller portion of the upper posterior peritoneal cavity located posterior to the stomach |
| Retroperitoneal organs (retro means behind) | structures closely attached to the posterior abdominal wall - less mobile |
| Kidneys, Ureters, Adrenal Glands, Pancreas, Duodenum, Ascending and Descending colon, upper rectum, major abdominal blood vessels(aorta and inferior vena cava) | List the Retroperitoneal organs |
| Infraperitoneal Organs (retro means under or beneath) | organs located under or beneath the peritoneum in the true pelvis are called: |
| Lower rectum,urinary bladder, reproductive organs,male-closed sac, female - open sac - uterus, tubes, ovaries | List the Infraperitoneal(Pelvic) Organs |
| Intraperiotoneal organs (intra means within) | organs within the abdominal cavity that are partially or completely covered by some type of visceral peritoneum but are not retro or infra |
| Liver, Gallbladder, spleen, stomach, jejunum,ileum, cecum, transverse colon,sigmoid colon | List the Intraperiotoneal Organs |
| RUQ, LUQ,RLQ,LLQ | List the 4 Abdominal Quadrants |
| Liver,Gallbladder, R Colic(hepatic)flexure, Duodenum, head of Pancreas, R Kidney, R suprarenal (adrenal)gland | Name the organs in the RUQ |
| Spleen, Stomach, L Colic(splenic)flexure, Tail of pancreas, L Kidney, L suprarenal (adrenal)gland | Name the organs in the LUQ |
| Ascending colon, Appendix(vermiform), cecum, 2/3 ileum, ileocecal valve | Name the organs in the RLQ |
| Descending colon, sigmoid colon, 2/3 of jejunum | Name the organs in the LLQ |
| R & L Hypochondriac, Epigastric, R & L Lateral (lumbar), Umbilical, R & L Inguinal (Iliac),Pubic(Hypogastric) | Name the 9 abdominal regions |
| Liver, gall bladder, small intestine, ascending colon, transverse colon, right kidney | Name the organs in the Right Hypochondriac region: |
| Esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, small intestine, transvers colon, right and left adrenal glands, pancreas, right and left kidneys, right and left ureters, spleen | Name the organs in the Epigastric region: |
| Stomach, tip of liver, tail of pancreas, small intestines, transverse colon, descending colon, pancreas, left kidney, spleen | Name the organs in the Left Hypochondriac region: |
| Tip of liver, gall bladder, small intestine, ascending colon, right kidney | Name the organs in the Right Lumbar region: |
| Stomach, pancreas, small intestine, transverse colon, pancreas, right and left kidneys, right and left ureters | Name the organs in the Umbilical region: |
| Small intestine, descending colon, tip of left kidney | Name the organs in the Left Lumbar region: |
| Small intestine, appendix, cecum and ascending colon; F- right ovary, right fallopian tube | Name the organs in the Right Iliac region: |
| Small intestine, sigmoid colon, rectum, right and left ureters, urinary bladder; F- uterus, right and left ovaries, right and left Fallopian tubes; M- vas deferens, seminal vessicle, prostate | Name the organs in the Hypogastric region: |
| Small intestine, descending colon, sigmoid colon; F- left ovary, left Fallopian tube | Name the organs in the Left Iliac region: |
| Xiphoid Process (T9-T10), Inferior costal rib margin (L2-L3), Iliac crest (L4-L5), Anterior Superior iliac spine (ASIS), Greater Trochanter, Symphysis pubis, Ischial tuberosity | Name the 7 landmarks of the Abdomen |
| Iliac crest (L4-L5) | What is the most commonly used abdominal landmark? |
| Iliac crest (L4-L5), Anterior Superior iliac spine (ASIS), Greater Trochanter | What are the 3 most commonly used abdominal landmarks? |
| take a deep breath in and blow it out - hold it don't breathe | What are breathing instructions for Abdominal radiographs? |
| expiration | Are abdominal radiographs exposed on inspiration or expiration? |
| 1)meduim kV(70-80) 2)short exposure time 3)Adequte mAs for sufficient density | What are the exposure factors for abdominal radiographs? |
| supine and horizontal beam project to show air-fluid levels | What are the typical acute abdomen series for pediatrics? |
| before a contrast medium is introduced for evaluation and diagnosis of disease and conditions in these systems | Why/When is a KUB usually taken? |
| to evaluate/diagnose bowel obstruction or peforation | Why/When is an Acute Abdomen Series usually taken? |
| Pneumoperitoneum | free air or gas in the peritoneal cavity |
| Fibrous Adhesion | a fibrous band of tissue in the intestine creating a blockage |
| Crohn's disease | chronic inflammation of the intestional wall that results in bowel obstruction |
| Intussusception | telescoping of a section of the bowel into another loop, causing an obstruction |
| Volvulus | twisting of a loop of intestine, causing an obstruction |
| Ulcerative colitis | chronic disease involving inflammation of the colon |
| Ap Supine abdomen, AP erect abdomen, and PA chest | What are the 3 positions in an Acute Abdomen Series? |
| to demonstrate free intraperitoneal air trapped under the diaphragm | Why is PA chest included in an Acute Abdomen Series? |
| to make sure the intestines are cleaned out before a "swallow" study | What is a SCOUT AP Supine position used for? |
| A bladder shot using a 10x12 crosswise | If you clip the pubic symphysis/bladder what projection should you take? |
| to level of iliac crests with bottom margin at symphysis pubis | where should the cassette be placed for AP supine abdomen? |
| check to see that both iliac winds and ishial spines and obturaror foramina are symmetric | How do you check for rotation in an AP abdomen? |
| elongation of the iliac wing indicates rotation in that direction | What shows the direction of rotation in an AP abdomen? |
| perpendicular and centered to IR to level of iliac crest | Where should the CR be directed in an AP, PA abdomen? |
| 40 inches | What is SID in an AP, PA abdomen? |
| center cassette to level of iliac crest, with bottom margins at symphysis pubis - no rotation of pelvis or shoulders | What is part position in an AP, PA abdomen? |
| exposure at end of expiration | What are breathing instructions on abdominal radiographs? |
| tall hyposthenic or asthenic lengthwise OR broad bypersthenic crosswise | What body habitus may need 2 images to demonstrate entire abdomen? |
| AP and PA supine/prone abdomen | Which 2 abdominal xrays need the arch of the symphsis pubis included to be correct? |
| AP b/c of the OID (increased object image receptor distance) | Which positon is best if looking at kidneys? AP or PA abdomen? |
| minimum of 5 minutes, but 10-20 is preferred...need enuf time for air to rise and fluid to accumulate | How long should a patient be on their side before doing the Lateral Decub AP abdomen? |
| center of IR and CR are approximately 2 inches ABOVE level of iliac crests (to include diaphragm) using horizontal beam | What is Position for CR and IR for Lateral Decub AP abdomen? |
| bilateral diaphragm | What is the part of interest in Lateral Decub AP abdomen? |
| at end of expiration | When do you make exposure in Lateral Decub AP abdomen? |
| center of IR and CR are approximately 2 inches ABOVE level of iliac crests (to include diaphragm)- for average patient the top of the IR will be at level of the axilla(armpit) | What is "Part Position" for AP Erect Abdomen xray? |
| erect images first if the patient comes to the department in and erect position | What image do you take first in an Acute Abdomen series? |
| Ileus,Ascites, Perforated hollow ciscus, intraabdominal mass,Post-Op abdominal surgery | What pathology are we looking for in an Acute Abdomen series? |
| with an erect arrow in addition to your R or L marker | How should and erect abdomen xray be marked? |
| Marker that matches the side closest to the IR | What marker should be used in a Dorsal Decub - R or L lateral? |
| 40 - 48 inches | What is SID in PA or AP abdomen? |
| 40-48 inches | What is SID in Decub abdomen? |
| Low - usually in Right lower area | Where do you place marker in UP upright that includes diaphragm? |
| All Decub, Lateral , AP upright | Which abdomen xray need diaphram included? |
| AP supine, PA prone | Which abdomen xray need symphysis included? |
| it blocks pertinent anatomy | Why can't you shield female reproductive organs in abdomen xrays? |
| they are outside of the body cavity | Why can you shield male reproductive organs in abdomen xrays? |
Created by:
studyRAD
Popular Radiology sets