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Gross Anatomy 2
Brain Stuff
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Contains the corticospinal tract in what part of the brain | pyramids and pyramidal decussation; Medulla |
Produced by the inferior olivary nucleus which projects fibers to the cerebellum in what part of the brain | Olive; Medulla |
Contains ascending ipsilateral sensory fibers from T6 and below in what part of the brain | fasciculus gracilis; Medulla |
Contains ascending ipsilateral sensory fibers from T6 and above in what part of the brain | fasciculus cuneatus; Medulla |
Produced by the nucleus gracilis where fibers from fasciculu gracilis synapse in what part of the brain | gracile tubercle; Medulla |
Produced by nucleus cuneatus where fibers from fasciculus cuneatus synapse in what part of the brain | cuneate tubercle; Medulla |
Cranial nerves emerging from Medulla | CN 9,10, 11(cranial portion), 12 |
Sulci and fissures on the Medulla | ventrolateral sulcus, dorsolateral sulcus, dorsal median, ventral median fissure |
Fibers connecting the medulla and cerebellum | inferior cerebellar peduncle |
Cranial nerve nuclei in the Medulla | CN 8(Part), 9, 10, 11(cranial portion), 12, 5(Part) |
Pons is divided into two parts | Dorsal pons/tegmentum and basal pons |
Part of the pons that forms the floor of the 4th ventricle and contains nuclei and tracts | Dorsal pons/tegmentum |
Ventral, bulbous portion of the pons | Basal pons |
Contains neurons whose axons cross to the opposite side and enter the cerebellum | Basal pons |
Basal pons provides a connection between ____ and the ____ | cerebellum and contralateral cerebrum |
Fibers connecting the pons and the cerebellum | middle cerebellar peduncle |
Cranial nerve nuclei in the dorsal pons/tegmentum | CN 5(part), 6, 7, 8(part) |
Cranial nerves emerging from the pons | CN 5(part), 6, 7, 8(part) |
Regions of the midbrain | tectum and cerebral peduncle |
Midbrain is divided by what? | cerebral aquaduct |
Part of the midbrain that is dorsal to the cerebral aqueduct | Tectum |
Part of the midbrain that is ventral to the cerebral aqueduct | cerebral peduncle |
Cerebral peduncle is divided into two parts | tegmentum and basal peduncle |
Posterior to substantia nigra | tegmentum |
Anterior to substantia nigra and contains corticospinal tract | basal peduncle |
This is in the tectum of the midbrain and its composed of what | corpora quadrigemina; superior colliculi and inferior colliculi |
Cranial nerves emerging from the midbrain | CN 3 and 4 |
Fibers connecting the midbrain and cerebellum | Superior cerebellar peduncle |
Cranial nerve nuclei in the midbrain | 3,4,5(part) |
Other nuclei in the midbrain | red nucleus, substantia nigra, superior colliculus and inferior colliculus |
An extrapyramidal motor nucleus | Red Nucleus |
Extrapyramidal motor nucleus and site of pathology in parkinson's | substantia nigra |
Nuclei involved in visual reflexes | Superior colliculus |
Nuclei involved in the auditory pathway | Inferior colliculus |
Core of the cerebrum | Diencephalon |
A large collection of nuclei in the diencephalon which project to the cerebral cortex | thalamus |
Thalamus has 3 parts | medial geniculate, lateral geniculate and ventral posterior |
Of the thalamus, which part is involved in the auditory pathyway | medial geniculate |
Of the thalamus, which part is involved in the visual pathway | lateral geniculate |
Of the thalamus which part is involved in the general sensory pathways | ventral posterior |
Collection of nuclei located anterior and inferior to the thalamus | hypothalamus |
Influences the autonomic and endocrine systems | hypothalamus |
What does the hypothalamus include | mamillary nucleus and infundibulum |
Region above and posterior to the thalamus | epithalamus |
What does the epithalamus contain | pineal gland |
Lobes of the telencephalon | frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, insula |
Primary motor area | In frontal lobe on precentral gyrus |
Secondary motor area/premotor area | Anterior to the primary motor area in the frontal lobe |
Primary somatic sensory/primary general sensory area/somatosensory area | On the postcentral gyrus in the parietal lobe, for general sensation |
Primary auditory area | In the temporal lobe, for hearing |
Primary visual area | In the occiptal lobe adjacent to the calcarine fissure, mostly on the medial aspect, for vision |
Motor speech area/broca's area | On the lateral frontal lobe |
Sensory language area/wernicke's area | On the temporal and parietal lobes, usually on the left side |
Olfactory area | On the medial aspect of the temporal lobe |
Areas adjacent to each of the primary sensory cortices, where meaning is given to the sensation | Association Cortex |
Large, C-shaped extrapyramidal motor nucleus located in the wall of the lateral ventricle of the telencephalon | caudate nucleus |
Wedge-shaped extrapyramidal motor nucleus of the telencephalon | lenticular nucleus |
Lenticular nucleus is composed of two distinctly different nuclei | Putamen(lateral nucleus) & Globus Pallidus(medial nucleus) |
Located in the temporal lobe associated with the olfactory and limbic systems | Amygdaloid Nucleus |
Fibers in the medullary white that connect cortices within the same hemisphere | Association Fibers |
Fibers in the medullary white that connect cortices in opposite hemispheres | Commissural Fibers |
Fibers in the medullary white that connect the cortex with subcortical areas | Projection Fibers |
Major white areas | Internal Capsule, Corpus Callosum, Fornix |
Essentially a large extrapyramidal motor center located in the posterior cranial fossa | cerebellum |
Functions of the cerebellum | maintains equilibrium, adjusts muscle tone, influences synergy of muscle movement, influences voluntary, fine motor movement |
CT coverings over the brain and spinal cord | Meninges |
Delicate vascular tissue lying on the surface of the PNS | Pia Mater |
External to the pia mater | Arachnoid mater |
Between the pia and arachnoid mater | subarachnoid space |
What contains CSF | subarachnoid space |
Outermost layer | dura mater |
Blood spaces within the dura overlying the brain and contains most of the venous blood from the brain | dural sinuses |
Small outpockets of archnoid bulging into the dural sinuses | arachnoid granulations/arachnoid villi |
Dural reflection that separates the left and right hemispheres | falx cerebri |
Dural reflection that forms a tent over the cerebellum | Tentorium Cerebelli |
Sheath of dural withing the vertebral canal extending from the foramen magnum to the second sacral segment and anchored to the coccyx by what? | Dural Sac; filum terminale |
Tooth-like lateral extensions of the pia around the cord | Denticulate ligaments |
Anchors the pia and arachnoid to the dura | Denticulate ligaments |
A pair in the cerebral hemispheres connected to the third ventricle by the what? | Lateral Ventricles; Interventricular foramina |
In midline and in diencephalon | 3rd ventricle |
In the midbrain and connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles | Cerebral Aqueduct |
Between cerebellum and pons/medulla | 4th Ventricle |
Expanded subarachnoid spaces | Cisterns |
Medial and lateral apertures open into this space | Cerebellomedullary Cistern |
Vascular CT inside the ventricles that forms the CSF | Choroid Plexus |