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Chemistry of Life
Chapter 2 Anatomy & Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| anything with mass and occupies space is called | Matter |
| Consists if a substance that can be either elements or compounds | Matter |
| Are known as pure substances | Elements |
| they can't be broken down or decomposed into two or more substances | Elements |
| Chemical combinations of two or more elements | Compounds |
| the 12 elements that make the body function properly is called | Trace elements |
| The symbol "O" stands for | Oxygen |
| the Symbol "C" Stands for | Carbon |
| The Symbol "H" stands for | Hydrogen |
| The symbol "N" stands for | Nitrogen |
| The symbol "Ca" stands for | Calcium |
| the symbol "P" Stands for | Phosphorous |
| the symbol "S" stands for | Sulfur |
| the symbol "K" stands for | Potassium |
| the Symbol "Na" stands for | Sodium |
| the Symbol "Cl" stands for | Chlorine |
| The symbol "Mg" stands for | Magnesium |
| The symbol "Fe" stands for | Iron |
| the symbol "Cr" Stands for | Chromium |
| the symbol "Co" stands for | Cobalt |
| The symbol "Cu" Stands for | Copper |
| the symbol "F" Stands for | Fluorine |
| the symbol "I" stands for | Iodine |
| the symbol "Mn" stands for | Manganese |
| elements that consist of particles are called | Atoms |
| Particle with a positive electrical charge contained in the nucleus if an atom | Proton |
| Particle in an atom that DOES NOT have an electrical charge that is contained in the nucleus of an atom | Neutron |
| Protons and Neutrons are packed together in the center of an atom called the | Nucleus |
| The number if protons in the nucleus determines the element's | Atomic Number |
| The number of protons and neutrons added together is known as it's | Atomic Weight |
| Tiny particles with negative charge | Electrons |
| An atom of an element that contains a different number of neutrons is called | Isotope |
| the nuclei of the isotopes brake down, or decay, and, as they do, they emit radiation. this is called | Radioisotopes |
| The process of decay is called | Radioactivity |
| Electrons in the outermost shell is called | Valence Electrons |
| A combination of two or more atoms held together by a chemical bond | Molecule |
| theses are formed when one atom transfers an electron from its outer shell to another atom | Ionic Bonds |
| Atoms that change from neutral to negative or positive are called | Ions |
| Atoms having a positive charge are called | Cations |
| Atoms having a negative charge are called | Anions |
| the braking or dissolving or ionic bonds are called | Dissociation |
| some compounds give the solution the ability to conduct electricity. this is called | Ionization |
| A compound that ionizes when dissolved in suitable ionising solvents such as water (hint: its in smart water) | Electrolytes |
| these are formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons as they attempt to fill their outer shells | Covalent bonds |
| A weak attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom in one molecule and slightly negative oxygen or nitrogen atom in another. | Hydrogen Bond |
| The capacity to do work; To put matter into motion | Energy |
| Has potential to do work; it's just not doing work at the moment. is called | Potential energy |
| Energy in motion is called | Kinetic Energy |
| The sum of all chemical reactions in the body is called | Metabolism |
| This involves braking down complex compounds into smaller ones | Catabolism |
| this involves building larger and more complex chemical molecules from smaller subunits | Anabolism |
| Heat speeds up molecular movement is called | Temperature |
| When two or more elements combine to create a new substance that has its own chemical properties | Compound |
| results in two or more substance blend together rather then chemically combine. | Mixture |
| The production of energy in cells is called | Cellular Respiration |
| Any substance that releases a hydrogen ion (H+) when dissolved in water | Acid |
| these are also called Proton Donors | Acid |
| Also called Proton Acceptors | Bases |
| A mixture of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution | pH |
| A solution with a pH less then 7 is | Acidic |
| Solutions with a pH greater then 7 are | Basic |
| Commonly called sugars or starches | Carbohydrates |
| Body's main energy source | Carbohydrates |
| The primary source of energy used by most of the body's cells | Glucose |
| Found in Fruit | Fructose |
| it's converted to glucose in the body | Fructose |
| Found in Dairy products | Galactose |
| the stored form of glucose is called | Glycogen |
| the form in which plants store polysaccharides | Starch |
| produced by plant cells as part of their cell walls | Cellulose |
| this plays a major role in the body by Reserving supply energy | Lipids |
| they provide structure to a cell membrane | Lipids |
| they act as a cushion to protect organs | Lipids |
| a diverse group of lipids that fulfill a wide variety if roles | Steroids |
| the one form in which all other steroids are made is | cholesterol |
| very large molecules consisting if smaller chemical subunits called amino acids | proteins |
| give strength to nails, hair and skin surface | Keratin |
| lend structure to bones, cartilage and teeth | collagen |
| defend the body against bacteria | Antibodies |
| act as catalysts for crucial chemical reactions | Enzymes |
| permute muscle contraction | Contractile proteins |
| carries oxygen in the blood | hemoglobin |
| organic compounds containing an Amino group that are building blocks of proteins | Amino Acids |
| the sum of all chemical reactions in the body is called | Metabolism |
| the braking down of compounds and releasing energy to do so is called | Catabolism |
| Building compounds that require energy is called | Anabolism |
| Bonds formed to make a new compound is | Synthesis |
| bonds that are broken to form 2 or more smaller molecules are called | Decomposition |
| Dissociate in water | Solutes |
| Reduces friction in the GI tract and joints | Lubricant |
| Requires lots of energy to raise the temperature | High Specific Heat |
| a substance that INCREASES the concentration of H+ ions in water | Acid |
| A substance that DECREASES the concentration in water | Base |
| Also called sugars or saccharides | Carbohydrates |
| A single sugar carbohydrate is called | Monosaccharide |
| Hexose or 6 carbon sugars | Monosaccharide |
| Also called Pentose Sugar | Deoxyribose |
| The "D" in DNA | Deoxyribose |
| The "R" in RNA | Ribose |
| also known as Double-sugar carbohydrates | Disaccharides |
| Milk sugar is called | Lactose |
| Table sugar is called | Sucrose |
| Wheat sugar is called | Maltose |
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Leci81
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