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Fault Vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
plateau | large level of flat land elevated high above sea level |
compression | squeezes rock until it folds or breaks |
hanging wall | block of rock that forms the upper half of a fault |
normal fault | hanging wall slides downward caused by tension in the crust |
shearing | stress that pushes rock in 2 opposite directions |
tension | pulls on crust stretching on it so it’s thinner in the middle |
strike-slip fault | rocks on either side move past each other sideways |
stress | force that acts on a rock to change its shape or volume |
anticline | upper fold in rock caused by compression in crust |
syncline | downward fold in rock caused by compression in crust |
footwall | block of rock that forms lower half of fault |
reverse fault | hanging wall slides upward caused by compression in crust |
rift valley | a deep valley that forms where two plates move apart |
seismologists | people who study the vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake |
frequency | measures the rate or speed of a sound wave vibration |
wavelength | the distance between the crest of one wave and the crest of the next wave |
amplitude | measures the intensity of a sound wave |
P wave | a type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground |
S wave | a type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and down or side to side |
surface wave | a type of seismic wave that forms when P waves and S waves reach Earth's surface |