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Anatomy 1

Back Muscles

Name	Function	Origin and Insertion	Innervation	Layer	Location
Trapezius	Upper area elevates scapula, Lower area depresses and lowers shoulder, entire muscle retracts scapula	ORIGIN: Occiput, nuchal ligament, C7 - T12 SP's. INSERTION: clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula	spinal accessory n, C3 - C4 Spinal n	Layer 1	Covers upper back; attaches upper limb to trunk
Latissimus dorsi	Extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm; raises bodytoward arms during climbing stairs	Origin: T6 - T12 sp, Thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, lower 3-4 ribs. Insertion: Humerus	thoracodorsal nerve	Layer 1	fan-shaped muscle on lower back
Levator scapula	elevates scapula	ORIGIN: C1 - C4 transverse processes, INSERTION: medial border (superior angle) of scapula	dorsal scapular and cervical nerves	Layer 2 (extrinsic muscles)	(blank)
Rhomboid minor	retract scapula, rorate scapula, fix scapula to thoracic wall	ORIGIN: Nuchal ligament, C7 - T1 Spinous processes; INSERTION: medial end of spine of scapula	dorsal scapular nerve	Layer 2 (extrinsic muscles)	(blank)
Rhomboid major	retract scapula, rorate scapula, fix scapula to thoracic wall	ORIGIN: T2 - T5 spinous processes, INSERTION: medial border of scapula inferior to scapular spine	dorsal scapular nerve	Layer 2 (extrinsic muscles)	(blank)
Serratus posterior superior	elevate ribs, move ribs	ORIGIN: nuchal ligament and C7 - T3 spinous processes; INSERTION: ribs 2-4	intercostal nerves	Layer 3 (extrinsic muscles)	(blank)
Serratus posterior inferior	depress ribs	ORIGIN: T11 - L2 spinous processes, INSERTION: ribs 8 -12	intercostal nerves	Layer 3 (extrinsic muscles)	(blank)
Splenius capitis	rotate face towards side of active muscles and laterally flex neck, w/ splenius cervicis = extend head and neck	ORIGIN: nuchal ligament & C7-T6, INSERTION: mastoid process and lateral end of the superior nuchal line	dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C2-C6	Layer 4 (intrinsic muscles)	(blank)
Splenius cervicis	extends and laterally bends neck and head, rotates head to the same side	ORIGIN: nuchal ligament, s.p.'s of C7 - T3; INSERTION:	dorsal rami of spinal nerve	layer 4 (intrinsic muscle)	(blank)
Iliocostalis cervicis	BILATERALLY: extend spine and head; UNILATERALLY :flex spine	ORIGIN: Posterior iliac crest and sacrum; sp's of lumbar vertebra; INSERTION: Lower ribs and Cervical transverse processes	dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C4-S5	Layer 5: erector spinae	(blank)
Iliocostalis lumborum	BILATERALLY: extend spine and head; UNILATERALLY :flex spine	ORIGIN: Posterior iliac crest and sacrum; sp's of lumbar vertebra; INSERTION: Lower ribs and Cervical transverse processes	dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C4-S5	Layer 5: erector spinae	(blank)
Iliocostalis thoracis	BILATERALLY: extend spine and head; UNILATERALLY :flex spine	ORIGIN: Posterior iliac crest and sacrum; sp's of lumbar vertebra; INSERTION: Lower ribs and Cervical transverse processes	dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C4-S5	Layer 5: erector spinae	(blank)
Longissimus Capitis	BILATERALLY: extend spine and head; UNILATERALLY :flex spine	ORIGIN: Posterior iliac crest and sacrum; sp's of lumbar vertebra; INSERTION: ribs, Thoracic and Cervical transverse processes, and occiput	dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-S1	Layer 5: erector spinae	(blank)
Longissimus thoracis	BILATERALLY: extend spine and head; UNILATERALLY :flex spine	ORIGIN: Posterior iliac crest and sacrum; sp's of lumbar vertebra; INSERTION: ribs, Thoracic and Cervical transverse processes, and occiput	dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-S1	Layer 5: erector spinae	(blank)
Longissimus cervicis	BILATERALLY: extend spine and head; UNILATERALLY :flex spine	ORIGIN: Posterior iliac crest and sacrum; sp's of lumbar vertebra; INSERTION: ribs, Thoracic and Cervical transverse processes, and occiput	dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-S1	Layer 5: erector spinae	(blank)
Spinalis Thoracis	BILATERALLY: extend spine and head; UNILATERALLY :flex spine	ORIGIN: Posterior iliac crest and sacrum; sp's of lumbar vertebra; INSERTION: Thoracic spinous processes and occiput	dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C2-L3	Layer 5: erector spinae	(blank)
Spinalis cervicis	BILATERALLY: extend spine and head; UNILATERALLY :flex spine	ORIGIN: Posterior iliac crest and sacrum; sp's of lumbar vertebra; INSERTION: Thoracic spinous processes and occiput	dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C2-L3	Layer 5: erector spinae	(blank)
Spinalis capitis	BILATERALLY: extend spine and head; UNILATERALLY :flex spine	ORIGIN: Posterior iliac crest and sacrum; sp's of lumbar vertebra; INSERTION: Thoracic spinous processes and occiput	dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C2-L3	Layer 5: erector spinae	(blank)
Semispinalis thoracis	extends and rotates spine away	ORIGIN: transverse processes of C7-T12; INSERTION: sp's of thoracic and cervical vertebra, capitis	dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-T12	layer 6, Transverso-spinalis	spans 4-6 segments
Semispinalis cervicis	extends and rotates spine away	ORIGIN: transverse processes of C7-T12; INSERTION: sp's of thoracic and cervical vertebra, capitis	dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-T12	layer 6, Transverso-spinalis	spans 4-6 segments
Semispinalis capitis	extends and rotates spine away	ORIGIN: transverse processes of C7-T12; INSERTION: sp's of thoracic and cervical vertebra, capitis	dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-T12	layer 6, Transverso-spinalis	spans 4-6 segments
Multifidus Lumbar	extend, laterally flex, and rotate	ORIGIN: sacrum, transverse processes of C3-L5, INSERTION: spinous processes 2-4 vertebral levels superior to their origin	dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-L5	layer 6, Transverso-spinalis	spans 2-4 segments, thickest in lumbar region
Multifidus thoracis	extend, laterally flex, and rotate	ORIGIN: sacrum, transverse processes of C3-L5, INSERTION: spinous processes 2-4 vertebral levels superior to their origin	dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-L5	layer 6, Transverso-spinalis	spans 2-4 segments, thickest in lumbar region
Multifidus cervicis	extend, laterally flex, and rotate	ORIGIN: sacrum, transverse processes of C3-L5, INSERTION: spinous processes 2-4 vertebral levels superior to their origin	dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-L5	layer 6, Transverso-spinalis	spans 2-4 segments, thickest in lumbar region
Rotatores	extend and rotate	ORIGIN: transverse processes; INSERTION: long rotatores: spines 2 vertebrae above origin; short rotatores: spines 1 vertebrae above origin	dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-L5	layer 6, Transverso-spinalis	thoracic region best development
Rotatores	extend and rotate	ORIGIN: transverse processes; INSERTION: long rotatores: spines 2 vertebrae above origin; short rotatores: spines 1 vertebrae above origin	dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-L5	layer 6, Transverso-spinalis	thoracic region best development
Rotatores	extend and rotate	ORIGIN: transverse processes; INSERTION: long rotatores: spines 2 vertebrae above origin; short rotatores: spines 1 vertebrae above origin	dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-L5	layer 6, Transverso-spinalis	thoracic region best development
Interspinales cervicis	extend	ORIGIN: upper border of spinous process; INSERTION: angles of the ribs	dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-L5	Deep muscle	(blank)
Interspinales lumborum	extend	ORIGIN: upper border of spinous process; INSERTION: angles of the ribs	dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-L5	Deep muscle	(blank)
Intertransversarii lateralus lumborum	laterally flex	ORIGIN: upper border of transverse process; INSERTION: lower border of transverse process above	dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-L5	Deep muscle	(blank)
intertransversarii medialis lumborum	laterally flex	ORIGIN: upper border of transverse process; INSERTION: lower border of transverse process above	dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-L5	Deep muscle	(blank)
levatores costarum longi	elevate ribs	(blank)	(blank)	Deep m	(blank)
Levatores costarum brevis	elevate ribs	(blank)	(blank)	Deep muscle	(blank)
rectus capitis posterior major	extend and rotate head	ORIGIN: C2 spinous process; INSERTION: occiput	suboccipital nerve (DPR of C1)	Suboccipital muscle, triangle: supermedial boundary	(blank)
rectus capitis posterior minor	extend and rotate head	ORIGIN: C1 posterior tubercule, INSERTION: occiput	suboccipital nerve (DPR of C1)	suboccipital muscle	(blank)
obliquus capitis superior	extend and rotate head	ORIGIN: C1 transverse process; INSERTION: occiput	suboccipital nerve (DPR of C1)	suboccipital muscle & triangle	(blank)
obliquus capitis inferior	extend and rotate head	ORIGIN: C2 spinous process; INSERTION: C1 transverse process	suboccipital nerve (DPR of C1)	suboccipital muscle & triangle	(blank)
`teres major	adducts, medially rotates, and extends arm at shoulder	ORIGIN: lower lateral border and inferior angle of scapula; INSERTION: medial lip of intertubercule groove of angerior humerus	Lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)	(blank)	(blank)

Created by: geraptiko on 2008-02-03

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Anatomy 1

Back Muscles