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Science Ch 6 Vocab
Question | Answer |
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Artificial insemination | a reproductive technology that includes collecting sperm from a male and injecting it into a female. |
Assisted reproductive Technologies | technologies that are used to achieve fertilization and pregnancy. |
Blastula | A hollow ball of cells about 1.5 mm in diameter that forms after the second week of embryonic development. |
crossing over | an event in meiosis I in which sister chromatids exchange DNA |
differentiation | in humans the process in which cell layers will eventually form the organs and tissues of a baby. |
ectoderm | the outside layer of the gastrula. |
embryo | the stage of a multicellular organism that develops from a zygote. |
embryonic development | early development of a multicellular organisms body cells. |
endoderm | the inner layer of the gastrula. |
external fertilization | fertilization in which a sperm cell and an egg cell unite outside the bodies of the parents. |
fertilization | the process during which an egg cell is penetrated by a sperm cell and the haploid genetic information of both male and female gametes combines. |
fetus | the stage of a multicellular organism that develops from an embryo. |
gametes | specialized cells necessary for reproduction. |
gastrula | the stage of a developing embryo in which the cells of the blastula organize into three layers. |
genetic diversity | inherited genetic differences in a species that give many organisms a survival advantage. |
haploid number | each set of inherited chromosomes, half the diploid number. |
homologous chromosomes | a pair of matching chromosomes |
in vitro fertilization (IVF) | technology used to treat specific fertility problems by fertilizing an egg cell in a petri dish. |
independent assortment | an event in meiosis I in which homologous pairs of chromosomes separate and sort themselves into daughter cells. |
internal fertilization | fertilization in which sperm cells are deposited inside the female’s body where they meet egg cells. |
karyotype | a photomicrograph that shows the number of chromosomes a person has, as will as their size and shape, prepared by cutting and pasting chromosomes taken from body cells during mitosis. |
mating | the process by which gametes arrive in the same place at the same time. |
meiosis | the process that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes as body cells. |
mesoderm | the middle layer of the gastrula. |
morula | a ball of cells of about 0.2 mm in diameter that forms after the first week of embryonic development. |
ovules | the female plant structures that contain the egg cells |
pollen | plant structures celled grains that carry the sperm cells in a protective case to the ovules. |
pollen tube | a structure that delvers sperm cells to egg cells in plants. |
pollination | the transfer of male gametes in pollen from the male reproductive part of a plant to the female reproductive part of a plant. |
sexual reproduction | reproduction that requires two parents and produces offspring that are genetically different from each other, from either parent, and from any other member of their species. |
syndrome | a particular disease or disorder with a specific group of symptoms that occur together. |
zygote | the new diploid cell formed by the process of fertilization, which receives half its chromosomes fro its female parent and half from its male parent. |