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5541MS
AppendixA
Question | Answer |
---|---|
a-; an-; ana- | no; not; without |
ab- | away from |
ante- | before; forward |
anti- | against |
auto- | self |
bi- | two; double; both |
brady- | slow |
carcin- | cancerous |
contra- | against; opposite |
dys- | difficult; painful |
ect- | outside; out |
en- | within; in |
endo- | within |
epi- | above; upon |
ex- | out |
gynec/o- | woman |
hemi- | half |
hyper- | above; excessive |
hypo- | below; deficient |
infra- | below; inferior |
inter- | between |
intra- | within |
iso- | same; equal |
macro- | large |
mal- | bad; poor; abnormal |
meta- | change; after; beyond |
micro- | small |
multi- | many |
neo- | new |
non- | not |
oligo- | few; less |
pan- | all |
para- | near; beside |
per- | through |
peri- | around; surrounding |
poly- | many; excessive |
post- | after |
pre- | before; in front of |
primi- | first |
retro- | behing; backward; upward |
semi- | half |
sub- | below; under |
super- | above; over; excess |
supra- | above, on top of |
sym- | with |
syn- | together; with |
trachy- | fast |
tri- | three |
uni- | one |
xero- | dry |
-ac; -al; -ar; -ary | pertaining to |
-algia | pain |
-blast | germ or bud |
-cele | hernia; herniation |
-centesis | surgical puncture |
-crine | to secrete |
-crit | to separate |
-cyte | cell |
-cytosis | condition of cells |
-desis | binding together |
-ectomy | surgical removal; excision |
-emesis | vomit |
-emia | blood |
-genesis; -genic; -gen | origin; producing; forming |
-globin; -globulin | protein |
-gram | record |
-graph | instrument for recording |
-graphy | process of recording |
-ia; -iac; -ic | pertaining to |
-iasis | formation or presence of |
-ism | condition |
-itis | inflammation |
-ium | structure or tissue |
-lepsy | seizure |
-lysis; -lytic | break down |
-malcia | softening |
-megaly | enlargement |
-metry | process of measuring |
-oid | resembling; like |
-(o)logist | specialist in the study or treatment of |
-(o)logy | study of |
-oma | tumor |
-osis | abnormal condition |
-ostomy | creation of an opening |
-otomy | incision into |
-ous | pertaining to |
-pareis | paralysis |
-pathy | disease |
-penia | decreased number |
-pepsia | digestion |
-pexy | suspension or fixation |
-phagia | eating; swallowing |
-phobia | abnormal fear |
-phonia | voice; sound |
-phoresis | carrying; transmission |
-phoria | feeling; mental state |
-plasty | surgical repair |
-plegia | paralysis |
-pnea | breathing |
-poiesis | formation |
-r/rhage; -r/rhagia | bursting forth |
-rrhea | flow; discharge |
-rhexis | rupture |
-sclerosis | hardening |
-scope | instrument for viewing |
-scopy | process of viewing |
-somnia; somn/o | sleep |
-spasm | involuntary contraction or twitch |
-stasis | control; stop |
-stenosis | narrowing |
-therapy | treatment |
-thorax | chest; pleural cavity |
-tocia; toc/o | labor; birth |
-tripsy | crushing |
-trophy | growth; development |
-tropin | nourish; develop; stimulate |
abdomin/o | abdomen |
aden/o | gland |
adip/o | fat |
amnio | amnion |
andr/o | male; man |
angi/o | vessel |
aque/o | watery |
arteri/o | artery |
arteriol/o | arteriole |
arthr/o | joint |
ather/o | fat; fatty plaque |
audi/o | hearing; sound |
aur/o | ear |
balan/o | glans penis |
bili | bile; gall |
blephar/o | eyelid |
bronch/o | bronchus |
bronchil/o | bronchiole |
bucc/o | cheek |
burs/o | joint |
calc/i | calcium |
capnia | carbon dioxide |
carcin/o | cancer |
cardi/o | heart |
carp/o | wrist bones |
cephal/o | head |
cerebr/o | cerebrum |
cirrh/o | yellow |
chol/e | bile; gall bladder |
cholangi/o | bile duct |
cholecyst/o | gall bladder |
chondr/o | cartilage |
coagul/o | clotting |
cochle/o | cochlea |
col/o | colon |
colp/o | vagina (sheath) |
conjuctiv/o | conjunctive |
cor/o; coron/o | heart |
corne/o | cornea |
cost/o | rib |
crani/o | cranium; skull |
cry/o | cold |
cut/o, cuti, cutane/o | skin |
cyan/o | blue |
cyst/o | bladder, sac |
cyt/o | cell |
dacry/o | tears |
dent | tooth |
derm/o, demat/o | skin |
dipl/o | two; double |
dips/o | thirst |
duoden/o | duodenum |
dur/a | dura mater |
electr/o | electricity |
embry/o | embryo |
encephal/o | brain |
enter/o | intestines |
eosin/o; erythr/o | red |
epididym/o | epididymis |
episi/o | vulva |
esophag/o | esophagus |
esthesi/o | sensation |
fasci/o | fascia |
femor/o | femur |
fet/o; fet/i | fetus |
fibul/o | fibula |
fund/o | fundus |
gastr/o | stomach |
gingiv/o | gums |
glauc/o | silver; gray |
gli/o | nerve cell |
glomerul/o | glomerulus |
gloss/o | tongue |
gluc/o, glyc/o | glucose; sugar |
gonad/o | sex glands |
gravid/a, gravid/o | pregnancy |
gyn/o, gyn/e, gynec/o | woman |
hemat/o, hem/o | blood |
hemangi/o | blood vessel |
hepat/o | liver |
hidr/o | sweat |
hormone/o | hormone; an urging on |
humer/o | humerus |
hydr/o | water; fluid |
hyster/o | uterus |
ile/o; ili/o | ileum |
immune/o | protection |
jejun/o | jejunum |
kal/i | potassium |
kerat/o | cornea |
ket/o, keton/o | ketone bdies |
kinesi/o | movement |
lacrim/o | tears |
lact/o | milk |
lapar/o | abdominal wall |
laryng/o | larynx |
ligament/o | ligament |
lingua | tongue |
lip/o | fat |
lith/o | stone |
lumb/o | lymph |
mamm/o, mast/o | breast |
melan/o | black |
men/o | menses; menstruation |
mening/o, meningi/o | meninges (membrane) |
metacarp/o | hand bones |
metatars/o | foot bones |
morph/o | form; shape |
muc/o | mucus |
my/o | muscle |
myc/o | fungus |
myel/o | bone marrow; spinal cord |
myring/o | eardrum |
narc/o | sleep |
nat/o, natal | birth, delivery |
nephr/o | kidney |
neur/o | nerve |
noct/o, nyctal/o | night |
ocul/o, opthalm/o, opt/o | eye |
onych/o | nail |
oophor/o | ovary |
or/o | mouth |
orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o | testis; testicle |
orth/o | straight |
oste/o | bones |
ot/o | ear |
ovari/o | ovary |
oxi | oxygen |
pachy/o | thick |
pancreat/o | pancreas |
par/o, part/o | bear; labor; childbirth |
patell/o | kneecap |
pector/o | chest |
ped | children |
pelv/i | pelvis |
perine/o | perineum |
peritone/o | peritoneum |
phag/o | eat or swallow |
phalang/o | finger and toe bones |
pharyng/o | pharynx |
phleb/o | vein |
phot/o | light |
phren/o | mind or diaphragm |
pil/o | hair |
pneum/o | lungs; air |
pod/o, podi | foot |
presby/o | old age |
proct/o | rectum |
psych/o, psych/i | mind or soul |
pub/o | pubis, pubic bone |
pulmon/o | lungs |
py/o | pus |
pyel/o | renal pelvis |
quadr/i | four |
radi/o | radius |
rect/o | rectum |
ren/o | kidney |
reticul/o | a net |
retin/o | retina |
rhabdomy/o | skeletal muscle; striated muscle |
rheum | watery discharge |
rhin/o | nose |
salping/o | eustachian or uterine tube |
sarc/o | flesh |
schiz/o | split |
semin/o | semen |
septi | bacteria |
sial/o | saliva |
sinus/o | sinus |
somat/o | body |
sperm/o, spermat/o | sperm |
spher/o | round |
sphygm/o | pulse |
spir/o | breathe; breath |
splen/o | spleen |
spondyl/o | vertebra; vertebral column |
steth/o | chest |
stoma, stomat/o | mouth |
synovi/o | joint |
tars/o | ankle bones |
ten/o; tend/o, tendon/o; tendin/o | tendon |
test/o, testicul/o | testis; testicle |
thorac/o | chest |
thromb/o | clot |
thyr/o | thyroid gland |
trache/o | trachea |
tympan/o | eardrum |
urethr/o | urethra |
ur/o | urinary tract |
vas/o, vascul/o | vessel |
ven/o | vein |
xanth/o | yellow |
akinesia | loss of normal muscle movement |
cerebrospinal | pertaining to the brain and blood vessels that supply it |
electroencephalogram | record of the electrical activity of the brain |
epidural | pertaining to above the dura mater |
epilepsy | disorder of the central nervous system characterized by recurrent seizures |
hemiparesis | paralysis of one side of the body |
hydrocephalus | excess cerebrospinal fluid in the brain |
hyperesthesia | increased sensitivity to stimulation such as touch, pain, and other sensory stimuli |
meningitis | inflammation of the mininges of the brain |
myelogram | x-ray of the spinal cord and nerve roots |
neuralgia | nerve pain |
neurologist | physician who specializes in diseases of the neurological system |
paraplegia | paralysis of both lower extremities and generally the lower trunk |
polyneuritis | inflammation of two or more nerves |
schizophrenia | type of psychosis in which the mind is said to be split from reality |
angiography | examination of blood vessels via radiographic study |
anoxia | without oxygen |
arteriogram | record (x-ray) of an artery |
arteriosclerosis | thickening, loss of elasticity, and hardening of arterial walls |
bradycardia | pertaining to a slow heart rate |
cardiologist | physician who specializes in diseases of the heart |
cardiomegaly | enlarged heart |
cardiomyopathy | disease of the heart muscle |
endarterectomy | surgical removal of the inside of an artery |
endocardium | membrane lining the cavities of the heart |
hypertension | high blood pressure |
hypoxemia | too little oxygen in the blood |
myocarditis | inflammation of the heart muscle |
myocardium | heart muscle tissue |
pericardium | lining around the outside of the heart |
tachycardia | pertaining to a fast heart rate |
bronchitis | inflammation of the bronchi |
bronchoscopy | process of viewing the bronchi |
dyspnea | difficult, painful, or faulty breathing |
hypoxia | condition of deficient oxygen levels |
laryngoscope | instrument for viewing the larynx |
laryngospasm | contraction of laryngeal muscles, causing |
pharyngitis | inflammation of the pharynx |
pneumothorax | air or gas in the chest cavity |
pulmonogist | specialist in diseases of the lungs |
rhinoplasty | surgical repair of the nose |
rhinorrhea | discharge from the nose |
spirometry | measurement of breathing |
stethoscope | instrument used to listen to lung and heart sounds though the chest wall |
thoracotomy | incisions to the chest |
tracheostomy | creation of an opening in the trachea, usually to insert a tube |
arthralgia | joint pain |
arthroscopy | inflammation of the joints |
bradykinesia | slow movement |
bursitis | inflammation of the bursa, fluid filled sac around joints |
chondromalacia | softening of the cartilage |
craniotomy | surgical incision of the skull |
electromyogram | record of the electrical activity of a muscle |
intercostal | pertaining to in between the ribs |
myalgia | muscle pain |
orthopedic | pertaining to the study of diseases of the skeletal and muscular system |
orthopedist | specialist in the study of diseases of the skeletal and muscular system |
osteomyelitis | inflammation of the bone and bone marrow |
patellectomy | surgical removal of the kneecap |
suprapubic | pertaining to above the pubic bone |
tendinitis | inflammation of the tendon |
adenoma | tumor of grandular tissue |
adrenomegaly | enlargement of the adrenal gland |
andromorphus | male form or appearance |
endocrinology | study of the secreting glands that comprise the endocrine system |
glucogenic | giving rise to or producing glucose |
hormonal | pertaining to hormones |
hyperglycemia | too much sugar in the blood |
hyperthyroidism | condition of too much thyroid hormone |
hypokalemia | low blood potassium |
hyposecretion | abnormally decreased secretion |
ketoacidosis | condition of an increased presence of ketone bodies |
pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas |
polydipsia | condition of excessive thirst |
thymoma | tumor of thymic tissue |
thyroidectomy | surgical removal of the thyroid gland |
autoimmune | disorder characterized by abnormal function of the immune system that causes the body to produce antibodies against itself |
immunocompromised | condition in which the immune system has been compromised by disease or immunosuppressive agents |
leukemia | Malignant blood disease marked by abnormal white blood cells |
Lymphadenopathy | Disease state in which lymph nodes are enlarged |
Lymphocytopenia | Abnormally reduced number or lymphocytes |
Lymphoma | Neoplasm of the lymphatic system |
Macrocytosis | Presence of large red blood cells |
Mestasis | Spread of cancer cells beyond the original site of the tumor through blood or lymph |
Pancytopenia | Abnormally reduced number of all types of blood cells |
Phagocyte | Cell that consumes bacteria, foreign particles, and other cells |
Septicemia | Bacterial infection of the blood |
Splenomegaly | Enlarged spleen |
Thymus | Removal of the thymus gland |
anemia | blood condition in which theres is a reduction in the reduction in the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, ot the volumr of packed red blood cells |
hematology | medical study of the blood |
hemocytoblasts | primitive cells in the bone marrow that develop into blood cells |
hemolysis | breakdown of the red blood cell membrane |
hematopoiesis | process of formation and development of various types of blood cells |
leukopenia | too few white blood cells |
morphology | study of form, including the size and shape of a specimen, such as a blood cell |
myeloma | tumor of the bone marrow |
myelocyte | immature blood cell in the bone marrow |
reticulocyte | immature red blood cells or erythrocytes |
thrombophlebitis | inflammation of a vein due to blood clot formation |
abdominocentesis | puncture of the abdomen for aspiration of abdominal fluid |
cholecystectomy | surgical removal of the gall bladder |
cirrhosis | chronic liver condition that causes yellowing of tissues |
colonoscopy | process of viewing the colon |
dyspepsia | condition of indigestion, or of painful digestion |
dysphagia | pertaining to difficulty in eating or swallowing |
endoscopic | pertaining to the process of viewing within |
esophagitis | inflammation of the esophagus |
gastroenterologist | specialist in the study or treatment of the stomach and intestines |
hematemesis | bloody vomit |
hepatomegaly | enlargement of the liver |
nasogastric | pertaining to the nose and the stomach |
pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas |
sublingual | pertaining to under the tongue |
bacteriuria | presence of bacteria in the urine |
cystoscope | type of endoscope that is used to examine the bladder |
glucosuria | condition of sugar in the urine |
hydronephrosis | condition of urine pooling in the renal pelvis |
ketonuria | condition of ketone bodies in the urine |
lithotripsy | crushing of a stone |
nephrectomy | surgical removal of a kidney |
nephrosis | abnormal condition of the kidney |
polyuria | condition in which one urinates excessively |
pyelonephritis | inflammation of the renal pelvis area of the kidney |
ureterolithiasis | condition of having a stone form in the ureter |
urethralgia | pain in the urethra |
urologist | physician who specializes in conditions of the urinary system |
vesicotomy | incision of the bladder |
blepharitis | inflammation of the eyelid |
conjunctivitis | inflammation of the conjunctiva |
exophthalmia | pertaining to the protuberance of the eye |
intraocular | pertaining to the inside of the eye |
keratoplasty | surgical repair or reconstruction of the cornea |
lacrimation | process of secreting tears |
opthalmologist | specialist in diseases of the eye |
optometry | process of measuring the eye |
photophobia | extreme sensitivity and discomfort to light |
presbyopia | vision condition of a reduced ability to focus due to old age |
retinitis | inflammation of the retina |
audiometry | measurement of hearing |
myringitis | inflammation of the tympanic membrane |
otorhinolaryngologist | specialist in diseases of the ear, nose, and throat |
otalgia | earache |
otitis | inflammation of the ear |
otosclerosis | condition of hardening of bone tissue in the ear |
presbyacusis | hearing loss due to old age |
salpingitis | inflammation of the Eustachian tube in the ear or the uterine tube |
tympanometry | process of measuring the compliance and mobility (conductivity) of the tympanic membrane |
tympanoplasty | surgical repair of the eardrum |
dermatitis | inflammation of the skin |
dermatologist | specialist in the study of diseases of the skin |
epidermal | pertaining to the skin |
histology | study of tissues |
keratosis | condition of thickened epidermis |
onychomycosis | fungal infection of the nail |
percutaneous | through the skin |
sarcoma | tumor of flesh |
subcutaneous | pertaining to below the skin |
xeroderma | dry skin |
anorchism | condition in which on or both testes are absent |
aspermia | condition in which one is unable to produce or ejaculate sperm |
colposcope | special kind of scope designed to examine the vagina |
epididymitis | inflammation of the epididymis |
episiotomy | incision made in the perineum to facilitate birth |
gynecologist | physician who specializes in the reproductive system of women |
hydrocele | hernia of fluid in the testis or tubes leading from the testis |
hysterectomy | surgical removal of the uterus |
lactogenic | pertaining to the production of milk |
mammogram | x-ray of the breast |
mastodynia | breast pain |
obstetrics | specialty pertaining to the care and treatment of mother and fetus throughout pregnancy, childbirth, and the immediate postpartum period |
oligospermia | too few sperm in the semen |
oophoritis | inflammation of the ovaries |
orchiopexy | surgical treatment of an undescended testicle by freeing it and implanting it into the scrotum |
prostatalgia | painful prostate |
vasectomy | excision part of the vas deferens to produces male sterility |