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scioly- digestive
digestive system cards for science olympiad!
Question | Answer |
---|---|
a muscular tube that connects and carries food from the mouth to the stomach | esophagus |
glands that produce and secrete saliva which contains digestive enzymes | salivary glands |
large tubular organ that absorbs water, salts, and stores waste matter | large intestine |
long tubular organ where most of chemical digestion and absorption takes place | small intestine |
bony structures that grind and crush food mechanically into smaller bits | teeth |
organ that senses taste of food and helps push it to the back of the mouth | tongue |
sac-like muscular organ that secretes gastric acids and churns food into a pulp | stomach |
entrance of the digestive system where mechanical and chemical digestion begins | mouth |
middle section of the small intestine where bulk of nutrients are absorbed | jejunum |
gland that secretes most of the digestive enzymes and a few important hormones | pancreas |
major section of large intestine that absorbs water, salts, and stores waste matter | colon |
largest organ in the body that produces bile and performs over 500 functions | liver |
a small organ that stores bile produced in the liver and helps digestion | gallbladder |
first section of the small intestine where chemical digestion occurs | duodenum |
opening at the end of the digestive tract through which feces are expelled | anus |
final section of the large intestine that acts as temporary storage for feces | rectum |
based on solubility, the eight B vitamins, and vitamin C are classified as | water-soluble vitamins |
the eight B vitamins essential for metabolism and growth are together referred to as | vitamin B complex |
an antioxidant vitamin found in vegetable oils and nuts; protects red blood cells and cell membranes | vitamin E (Tocopherol) |
essential for vision, immunity and growth; deficiency causes night blindness; found in dark green/orange vegetables | vitamin A (retinol) |
helps calcium absorption; deficiency causes bone deformities; produced in the skin by exposure to sunlight | vitamin D (calciferol) |
essential for normal blood clotting; helps bone growth; found in green leafy vegetables | vitamin K (phylloquinone) |
found in citrus fruits, peppers; antioxidant and important for collagen production; deficiency causes scurvy | vitamin C (ascorbic acid) |
based on solubility, vitamins A, D, E, and K are classified as | fat-soluble vitamins |
nutrients that protect cells from the damage of oxidation caused by free radicals (reactive ions) | antioxidants |
macronutrients made up of amino acids that help build, maintain, and repair body tissues | proteins |
vital nutrient that makes up 2/3 of our body and is involved in its every function | water |
micronutrients required for regulating growth and normal metabolic functioning of the body | vitamins |
indigestible plant matter that helps push food, aids digestion, and lowers risk of many diseases | dietary fiber |
nutrients made up of fatty acids that store energy in a concentrated form | fats |
macronutrients made of sugars and starches that are a mains source of energy for the human body | carbohydrates |
chemical elements (eg. Ca, Fe, Mg) that are required in small amounts by the body | dietary minerals |
eggs, dairy products, and meats are classified as good sources of | protein |
a food allergy is an adverse immune response to a food | protein |
deficiency of what type of nutrient causes weakness, poor growth, and metabolic problems | vitamins |
packaged baked foods are most likely to contain _________ that raise cholesterol levels | trans fat |
a standardized ratio of weight to heights that is often used as an indicator of health | body mass index (BMI) |
name that plant-based food that can help to reduce blood cholesterol levels | soluble fiber |
processed foods are usually high in ______ which contributes to high blood pressure | sodium |
what group is our body's best source of energy | carbohydrates |
required for protein, bone, and fat formation; for production and use of insulation in the body | magnesium |
essential for transportation cellular energy (as ATP) forming cell membranes, DNA and bone tissue | phosphorus |
helps form bones and teeth, and it is required for muscle contraction and blood clotting | calcium |
required for production of thyroid hormones; deficiency causes goiter | Iodine |
electrolyte that regulates heart function, blood pressure, PH levels, and nerve & muscle activity | potassium |
required for production of hemoglobin; deficiency causes anemia and easy fatigue | Iron |
its part of many enzymes that repair wounds; maintains fertility, growth, and boosts immunity | zinc |
electrolyte that maintains the body's blood volume, water balance, and keeps nerves functioning | sodium |
process by which the body breaks down food into small nutrients that can be absorbed | digestive |
process by which fat globules are broken into smaller droplets of bile by salts | emalisfaction |
process of eating (taking food into the body through the mouth) | ingestion |
production and release of useful substances (enzymes, hormones, etc.) by a gland | secretion |
rhythmic muscular contractions that moves food the digestive tract | peristalsis |
process of eliminating waste products of metabolism (urine, CO2, etc.) | excretion |
movement of nutrient molecules through the wall of digestive system | absorption |
process of elimination of indigestible food remains from the digestive system | egestion |
how long does the food stay in the small intestine in humans | 5 hours |
how many different species of bacteria are present in the human colon | around 400 |
how many functions does the liver perform in the human body | over 500 |
what is the average length of the small intestine in humans | 22 feet |
how much hydrochloric acid does a human stomach produce everyday | 2 liters |
how much saliva does the human mouth produce everyday | 1.7 liters |
how long does food stay in the human stomach on average | 3 to 4 hours |
what are the nutrients that are absorbed in the esophagus | none |
a type of organism that is made up of a single cell | unicellular |
tiny structures that perform specific functions within a cell | organelles |
a type of organism that is made up of many cells | multicellular |
basic unit of structure, function, and organization in all living organisms | a cell |
a type of cell with a nucleus and numerous organelles, each inclosed in its own membrane | eukaryote cells |
type of cell that lacks a cell nucleus, or any other membrane-bound organelles | prokaryote cells |
a collection of tissues joined in a structural unit that performs a specialized function of the body | organs |
a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function | tissues |
generally rectangular shape; is a feature of _____ cells | plant |
round or irregular shape; is a feature of ______ cells | animal |
plant cells have... | large central vacuole, cell wall, and chloroplasts |
animal cells have... | cilia, lysosomes, and usually centrioles |